Perga Marie-Élodie, Danger Michael, Dubois Stanislas, Fritch Clémentine, Gaucherel Cédric, Hubas Cedric, Jabot Franck, Lacroix Gérard, Lefebvre Sébastien, Marmonier Pierre, Bec Alexandre
GDR CNRS 3716 GRET, Groupe de recherche en écologie trophique, 63170 Aubière, France; UMR 042 INRA-université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Carrtel, 74200 Thonon-les-Bains, France; IDYST, université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Suisse.
GDR CNRS 3716 GRET, Groupe de recherche en écologie trophique, 63170 Aubière, France; UMR CNRS 7360 LIEC, université de Lorraine-Metz, 57000 Metz, France.
C R Biol. 2018 Jul-Aug;341(6):301-314. doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2018.05.001. Epub 2018 May 30.
The French National Institute of Ecology and Environment (INEE) aims at fostering pluridisciplinarity in Environmental Science and, for that purpose, funds ex muros research groups (GDR) on thematic topics. Trophic ecology has been identified as a scientific field in ecology that would greatly benefit from such networking activity, as being profoundly scattered. This has motivated the seeding of a GDR, entitled "GRET". The contours of the GRET's action, and its ability to fill these gaps within trophic ecology at the French national scale, will depend on the causes of this relative scattering. This study relied on a nationally broadcasted poll aiming at characterizing the field of trophic ecology in France. Amongst all the unique individuals that fulfilled the poll, over 300 belonged at least partly to the field of trophic ecology. The sample included all French public research institutes and career stages. Three main disruptions within the community of scientist in trophic ecology were identified. The first highlighted the lack of interfaces between microbial and trophic ecology. The second evidenced that research questions were strongly linked to single study fields or ecosystem type. Last, research activities are still quite restricted to the ecosystem boundaries. All three rupture points limit the conceptual and applied progression in the field of trophic ecology. Here we show that most of the disruptions within French Trophic Ecology are culturally inherited, rather than motivated by scientific reasons or justified by socio-economic stakes. Comparison with the current literature confirms that these disruptions are not necessarily typical of the French research landscape, but instead echo the general weaknesses of the international research in ecology. Thereby, communication and networking actions within and toward the community of trophic ecologists, as planned within the GRET's objectives, should contribute to fill these gaps, by reintegrating microbes within trophic concepts and setting the seeds for trans- and meta-ecosystemic research opportunities. Once the community of trophic ecologists is aware of the scientific benefit in pushing its boundaries forwards, turning words and good intentions into concrete research projects will depend on the opportunities to obtain research funding.
法国国家生态与环境研究所（INEE）旨在促进环境科学的多学科融合，并为此资助围绕主题开展的外部研究小组（GDR）。营养生态学被视为生态学中的一个科学领域，由于其研究极为分散，此类网络活动将使其受益匪浅。这促使了一个名为“GRET”的GDR的诞生。GRET行动的轮廓及其在法国国家层面填补营养生态学领域这些空白的能力，将取决于这种相对分散的原因。本研究基于一项全国范围的调查，旨在描绘法国营养生态学领域的特征。在所有完成调查的独特个体中，超过300人至少部分属于营养生态学领域。样本涵盖了法国所有的公共研究机构和职业阶段。在营养生态学科学家群体中发现了三个主要的分裂点。第一个突出了微生物生态学和营养生态学之间缺乏联系。第二个表明研究问题与单一研究领域或生态系统类型紧密相关。最后，研究活动仍相当局限于生态系统边界。所有这三个断裂点都限制了营养生态学领域在概念和应用方面的进展。我们在此表明，法国营养生态学内部的大多数分裂是文化传承而来的，而非由科学原因驱动或由社会经济利益所证明。与当前文献的比较证实，这些分裂不一定是法国研究格局所特有的，而是反映了国际生态学研究的普遍弱点。因此，按照GRET的目标在营养生态学家群体内部以及与该群体开展的交流和网络行动，应通过将微生物重新纳入营养概念并为跨生态系统和元生态系统研究机会埋下种子，来填补这些空白。一旦营养生态学家群体意识到拓展其边界所带来的科学益处，将言语和良好意愿转化为具体的研究项目将取决于获得研究资金的机会。
