Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Global Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Diabetes Metab. 2018 Sep;44(4):354-360. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2018.05.002. Epub 2018 May 17.
Coffee consumption is inversely related to risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In contrast, an increased risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) has been reported in heavy coffee consumers, primarily in a subgroup with stronger autoimmune characteristics. Our study aimed to investigate whether coffee consumption interacts with HLA genotypes in relation to risk of LADA.
This population-based study comprised incident cases of LADA (n=484) and T2D (n=1609), and also 885 healthy controls. Information on coffee consumption was collected by food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs of diabetes were calculated and adjusted for age, gender, BMI, education level, smoking and alcohol intake. Potential interactions between coffee consumption and high-risk HLA genotypes were calculated by attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction.
Coffee intake was positively associated with LADA in carriers of high-risk HLA genotypes (OR: 1.14 per cup/day, 95% CI: 1.02-1.28), whereas no association was observed in non-carriers (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.93-1.17). Subjects with both heavy coffee consumption (≥4 cups/day) and high-risk HLA genotypes had an OR of 5.74 (95% CI: 3.34-9.88) with an estimated AP of 0.36 (95% CI: 0.01-0.71; P=0.04370).
Our findings suggest that coffee consumption interacts with HLA to promote LADA.
咖啡的摄入与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的风险呈负相关。相反，在大量咖啡饮用者中，已经报道了成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病（LADA）的风险增加，主要是在具有更强自身免疫特征的亚组中。我们的研究旨在调查咖啡消费是否与 HLA 基因型相互作用，从而影响 LADA 的风险。
本基于人群的研究包括新诊断的 LADA（n=484）和 T2D（n=1609）病例，以及 885 名健康对照者。通过食物频率问卷收集有关咖啡消费的信息。计算糖尿病的比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间，并根据年龄、性别、BMI、教育水平、吸烟和饮酒量进行调整。通过交互归因比例（AP）计算咖啡消费与高危 HLA 基因型之间的潜在交互作用。
在携带高危 HLA 基因型的个体中，咖啡摄入量与 LADA 呈正相关（每杯/天增加 1.14，95%CI：1.02-1.28），而在非携带者中则没有相关性（OR：1.04，95%CI：0.93-1.17）。同时具有大量咖啡摄入（≥4 杯/天）和高危 HLA 基因型的受试者的 OR 为 5.74（95%CI：3.34-9.88），估计的 AP 为 0.36（95%CI：0.01-0.71；P=0.04370）。
我们的研究结果表明，咖啡的摄入与 HLA 相互作用促进了 LADA 的发生。
