Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Apr;174:108760. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108760. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
We investigated the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes in relation to a healthy lifestyle, the proportion of patients attributable to an unhealthy lifestyle, and the influence of family history of diabetes (FHD) and genetic susceptibility.
The population-based study included incident LADA (n = 571), type 2 diabetes (n = 1962), and matched controls (n = 2217). A healthy lifestyle was defined by BMI < 25 kg/m, moderate-to-high physical activity, a healthy diet, no smoking, and moderate alcohol consumption. We estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, sex, education, and FHD.
Compared to a poor/moderate lifestyle, a healthy lifestyle was associated with a reduced risk of LADA (OR 0.51, CI 0.34-0.77) and type 2 diabetes (OR 0.09, CI 0.05-0.15). A healthy lifestyle conferred a reduced risk irrespective of FHD and high-risk HLA genotypes. Having a BMI < 25 kg/m conferred the largest risk reduction for both LADA (OR 0.54, CI 0.43-0.66) and type 2 diabetes (OR 0.12, CI 0.10-0.15) out of the individual items.
People with a healthy lifestyle, especially a healthy body weight, have a reduced risk of LADA including those with genetic susceptibility to diabetes.
我们研究了与健康生活方式相关的成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病（LADA）和 2 型糖尿病的风险，以及不健康生活方式导致的患者比例，以及糖尿病家族史（FHD）和遗传易感性的影响。
这项基于人群的研究纳入了新诊断的 LADA（n=571）、2 型糖尿病（n=1962）和匹配对照（n=2217）患者。健康的生活方式定义为 BMI<25kg/m、中高强度体力活动、健康饮食、不吸烟和适量饮酒。我们调整了年龄、性别、教育程度和 FHD 等因素后，用 95%置信区间（CI）估计了比值比（OR）。
与不良/中度生活方式相比，健康的生活方式与 LADA（OR 0.51，CI 0.34-0.77）和 2 型糖尿病（OR 0.09，CI 0.05-0.15）的风险降低相关。无论是否存在 FHD 和高危 HLA 基因型，健康的生活方式都能降低风险。BMI<25kg/m 对 LADA（OR 0.54，CI 0.43-0.66）和 2 型糖尿病（OR 0.12，CI 0.10-0.15）的风险降低作用最大。
生活方式健康的人，尤其是体重健康的人，患 LADA（包括具有糖尿病遗传易感性的人）的风险较低。
