Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
Mar Environ Res. 2018 Sep;140:61-68. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.019. Epub 2018 May 21.
Nodularia spumigena is a nitrogen-fixing filamentous cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea. Nodularin (NOD), the hepatotoxic peptide produced by this cyanobacterium, accumulates in the organisms from different trophic levels. In this paper, the effects of N. spumigena cell extract on the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) was investigated under laboratory conditions. This benthic fish species feed on mussels in which nodularin accumulation was well documented. In current study a sharp increase in the NOD concentration in analyzed organs was observed after 24 h (PPIA) after 72 h of exposure (LC/MS). To determine the direction and strength of the changes induced in the fish by the toxin, several biochemical markers of exposure such as concentration of glutathione and activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase were used. In analyzed organs (liver, gills and muscle) of the round goby, the activity of these enzymes were suppressed. Higher GSH/protein amount and CAT and POD activity in gills than in liver reflects the importance of gills in NOD entering into analyzed fish body when exposed to toxin. The results indicate that the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) exposed to extracts from N. spumigena cells triggered a defense system in a time-dependent manner. The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of fish response to the presence of compounds produced by N. spumigena.
节旋藻是波罗的海中一种固氮丝状蓝藻。这种蓝藻产生的肝毒素微囊藻毒素（NOD）在不同营养级的生物体内积累。在本研究中，实验室条件下研究了节旋藻细胞提取物对圆鳍鱼（Neogobius melanostomus）的影响。这种底栖鱼类以贻贝为食，贻贝中已有关于微囊藻毒素积累的记录。在当前的研究中，在暴露 72 小时后 24 小时（PPIA），分析器官中 NOD 浓度急剧增加（LC/MS）。为了确定毒素对鱼类诱导的变化的方向和强度，使用了几种暴露的生化标志物，如谷胱甘肽浓度以及过氧化氢酶、愈创木酚过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶的活性。在圆鳍鱼的分析器官（肝脏、鳃和肌肉）中，这些酶的活性受到抑制。与肝脏相比，鳃中的 GSH/蛋白质含量和 CAT 和 POD 活性更高，这反映了在暴露于毒素时，鳃在 NOD 进入分析鱼类体内的重要性。结果表明，暴露于节旋藻细胞提取物的圆鳍鱼（Neogobius melanostomus）以时间依赖的方式触发了防御系统。获得的结果有助于更好地理解鱼类对节旋藻产生的化合物存在的反应。
