Zhou Jinxiang, Husson Scott M
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 127 Earle Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Animal Co-Products Research and Education Center, Clemson University, 250 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Membranes (Basel). 2018 May 27;8(2):25. doi: 10.3390/membranes8020025.
This communication describes the application of forward osmosis (FO) to concentrate stick water, a nutrient-rich water byproduct of meat rendering operations. The objectives of the study were to carry out a set of batch FO runs in concentration mode to determine the maximum achievable stick water concentration and to perform a preliminary cost analysis for operating a FO/reverse osmosis membrane separation process for comparison to an evaporative concentration process. The study examined the roles of feed and draw solution stir rates, temperature, feed concentration, and draw solution ionic strength on flux using commercial cellulose triacetate membranes. Results show that FO could concentrate the stick water up to 45 wt %; however, concentrations above about 30 wt % would be difficult to process through conventional membrane configurations. Preliminary operating cost estimations show that the energy cost of the FO process is about 5.3% of the energy costs for a single-effect thermal evaporation process; and, assuming a 2-year membrane lifetime, the total operating cost using FO membranes was estimated to be about 23.1% of the operating cost using such a thermal evaporation process.
本通讯介绍了正向渗透（FO）在浓缩肉骨水方面的应用，肉骨水是肉类提炼操作中一种营养丰富的水副产品。该研究的目的是进行一组浓缩模式下的间歇式正向渗透实验，以确定肉骨水可达到的最大浓缩浓度，并对正向渗透/反渗透膜分离工艺进行初步成本分析，以便与蒸发浓缩工艺进行比较。该研究使用商用三醋酸纤维素膜，考察了进料和汲取液搅拌速率、温度、进料浓度以及汲取液离子强度对通量的影响。结果表明，正向渗透可将肉骨水浓缩至45 wt%；然而，浓度高于约30 wt%时，通过传统膜配置进行处理会很困难。初步运行成本估算表明，正向渗透工艺的能源成本约为单效热蒸发工艺能源成本的5.3%；并且，假设膜的使用寿命为2年，使用正向渗透膜的总运行成本估计约为使用这种热蒸发工艺运行成本的23.1%。
