Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda south Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Mar;26(9):8585-8593. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04366-0. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
In this study, trisodium citrate was used as draw solute in forward osmosis (FO) due to its biodegradability and easy reuse after FO dilution. The effect of operating conditions on FO performance was investigated. The study focused on the long-term flux performance and membrane fouling when surface water was used as feed solution. A water flux of 9.8 LMH was observed using 0.5 M trisodium citrate as draw solution in PRO mode. In the long-term FO process, trisodium citrate showed a slight decrease in total flux loss (13.06%) after 20 h of operation. The membrane fouling was significantly reduced after a two-step physical cleaning. A considerable flux recovery (> 95%) of the fouled membrane was finally obtained. Therefore, this study proves the superiority of trisodium citrate as draw solution and paves a new way in applying FO directly for surface water reclamation.
在这项研究中，由于三钠柠檬酸钠具有生物降解性且 FO 稀释后易于重复使用，因此被用作正向渗透（FO）中的汲取液。考察了操作条件对 FO 性能的影响。该研究重点关注当使用地表水作为进料溶液时，FO 的长期通量性能和膜污染情况。当使用 0.5 M 的三钠柠檬酸钠作为汲取液时，在 PRO 模式下观察到 9.8 LMH 的水通量。在长期 FO 过程中，20 h 运行后，总通量损失（13.06%）略有下降。经过两步物理清洗后，膜污染显著减少。最终，污染膜的通量恢复率达到了可观的（>95%）。因此，本研究证明了三钠柠檬酸钠作为汲取液的优越性，并为直接将 FO 应用于地表水回收开辟了新途径。
