Draschkow Dejan, Reinecke Saliha, Cunningham Corbin A, Võ Melissa L-H
1 Department of Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
2 Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2019 May;72(5):1176-1182. doi: 10.1177/1747021818783722. Epub 2018 Jun 28.
Visual long-term memory capacity appears massive and detailed when probed explicitly. In the real world, however, memories are usually built from chance encounters. Therefore, we investigated the capacity and detail of incidental memory in a novel encoding task, instructing participants to detect visually distorted objects among intact objects. In a subsequent surprise recognition memory test, lures of a novel category, another exemplar, the same object in a different state, or exactly the same object were presented. Lure recognition performance was above chance, suggesting that incidental encoding resulted in reliable memory formation. Critically, performance for state lures was worse than for exemplars, which was driven by a greater similarity of state as opposed to exemplar foils to the original objects. Our results indicate that incidentally generated visual long-term memory representations of isolated objects are more limited in detail than recently suggested.
当进行明确探测时，视觉长期记忆容量显得巨大且详细。然而，在现实世界中，记忆通常是由偶然相遇形成的。因此，我们在一项新颖的编码任务中研究了附带记忆的容量和细节，指导参与者在完整物体中检测视觉上扭曲的物体。在随后的意外识别记忆测试中，呈现了新类别的诱饵、另一个范例、处于不同状态的同一物体或完全相同的物体。诱饵识别表现高于随机水平，表明附带编码导致了可靠的记忆形成。关键的是，状态诱饵的表现比范例差，这是由状态诱饵与原始物体的相似性大于范例诱饵与原始物体的相似性所驱动的。我们的结果表明，偶然产生的孤立物体的视觉长期记忆表征在细节上比最近所认为的更有限。
