Yamashita Takuma, Takahashi Yuki, Takakura Yoshinobu
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2018;41(6):835-842. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00133.
Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles with a diameter 30-120 nm. Exosomes contain endogenous proteins and nucleic acids; delivery of these molecules to exosome-recipient cells causes biological effects. Exosomes derived from some types of cells such as mesenchymal stem cells and dendritic cells have therapeutic potential and may be biocompatible and efficient agents against various disorders such as organ injury. However, there are many challenges for the development of exosome-based therapeutics. In particular, producing exosomal formulations is the major barrier for therapeutic application because of their heterogeneity and low productivity. Development and optimization of producing methods, including methods for isolation and storage of exosome formulations, are required for realizing exosome-based therapeutics. In addition, improvement of therapeutic potential and delivery efficiency of exosomes are important for their therapeutic application. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about therapeutic application of exosomes and discuss some challenges in their successful use.
外泌体是直径为30 - 120纳米的细胞衍生囊泡。外泌体包含内源性蛋白质和核酸；将这些分子递送至外泌体受体细胞会产生生物学效应。源自某些类型细胞（如间充质干细胞和树突状细胞）的外泌体具有治疗潜力，可能是针对各种疾病（如器官损伤）的生物相容性和高效制剂。然而，基于外泌体的治疗方法的开发面临许多挑战。特别是，由于外泌体制剂的异质性和低产量，生产外泌体制剂是治疗应用的主要障碍。为了实现基于外泌体的治疗方法，需要开发和优化生产方法，包括外泌体制剂的分离和储存方法。此外，提高外泌体的治疗潜力和递送效率对其治疗应用很重要。在本综述中，我们总结了关于外泌体治疗应用的当前知识，并讨论了其成功应用中的一些挑战。
