Blackmer J L, Lindley V A, Byrne D N
Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721.
Electron Microscopy Consultants, Tucson, Arizona 85719.
J Morphol. 1995 Nov;226(2):213-221. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1052260208.
Bemisia tabaci exhibited their longest flights between 3 and 5 days following adult eclosion. They rarely engaged in flight when they were < 4 hr old and were only capable of short-duration flights after day 7. This difference in flight capacity appears to be associated with changes in the flight musculature and mitochondria. Myofibrils and mitochondria accounted for approximately 50% and 33% of the area within the flight muscles, respectively. These two elements, however, varied with the age and sex of the whitefly. The percentage of the total area occupied by myofibrils was lower in 9-day-old males relative to females and all other age categories. Sarcomere length decreased in older whiteflies, regardless of the sex. Myofibril diameter did not vary with the age of the whitefly, but the diameter of female whitefly myofibrils was greater than the diameter of male whitefly myofibrils. The number of myosin filaments within a myofibril unit increased with age, peaking at 5 days of age for females and 7 days of age for males. In all age groups, females had more myosin filaments than were found in males. Changes in mitochondria and levels of glycogen were related to the observed differences in flight activity. The area occupied by mitochondria was small in < 4-h-old and 9-day-old whiteflies, and mitochondrial cristae were undeveloped in newly emerged whiteflies. In 7- and 9-day-old whiteflies the cristae began to separate, leaving visible spaces within the mitochondria. Glycogen granules were abundant in the flight musculature of newly emerged (< 4-hr-old), 1-day-old and 3-day-old whiteflies, but by 5 days of age only 25% of whiteflies contained glycogen granules. Seven- and 9-day-old whiteflies contained no visible glycogen. An examination of the flight muscle of whiteflies after flights of varying duration (up to 60 min) revealed no relationships between flight duration and the number of mitochondria or the percentage of the total area occupied by mitochondria. There was, however, a positive relationship between flight duration and the percentage of total area occupied by myofibrils. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
烟粉虱在羽化后3至5天飞行距离最长。它们在4小时龄以内很少飞行，7天后仅能进行短时间飞行。这种飞行能力的差异似乎与飞行肌肉组织和线粒体的变化有关。肌原纤维和线粒体分别占飞行肌肉面积的约50%和33%。然而，这两个成分随粉虱的年龄和性别而变化。9日龄雄性粉虱肌原纤维占总面积的百分比低于雌性以及所有其他年龄组。无论性别，老龄粉虱的肌节长度都会缩短。肌原纤维直径不随粉虱年龄变化，但雌性粉虱肌原纤维的直径大于雄性粉虱。肌原纤维单位内肌球蛋白丝的数量随年龄增加，雌性在5日龄达到峰值，雄性在7日龄达到峰值。在所有年龄组中，雌性的肌球蛋白丝都比雄性多。线粒体的变化和糖原水平与观察到的飞行活动差异有关。4小时龄以内和9日龄粉虱中线粒体所占面积较小，新羽化的粉虱线粒体嵴不发达。在7日龄和9日龄粉虱中，嵴开始分离，线粒体内部出现可见间隙。糖原颗粒在新羽化（4小时龄以内）、1日龄和3日龄粉虱的飞行肌肉组织中丰富，但到5日龄时只有25%的粉虱含有糖原颗粒。7日龄和9日龄粉虱中没有可见的糖原。对不同飞行持续时间（长达60分钟）后的粉虱飞行肌肉进行检查发现，飞行持续时间与线粒体数量或线粒体占总面积的百分比之间没有关系。然而，飞行持续时间与肌原纤维占总面积的百分比之间存在正相关。© 1995威利 - 利斯公司。
