de Sá Rafael O, Trueb Linda
Department of Zoology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712-1064.
Department of Systematics and Ecology and Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045-2454.
J Morphol. 1991 Sep;209(3):311-330. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1052090307.
Hamptophryne boliviana is a medium-sized microhylid frog inhabiting the forest-floor leaf litter of South American rainforests. Larvae of this species typically are found near the bottom of small ponds and water-filled depressions in the forest. On the basis of cleared-and-stained specimens, the larval chondrocranium is described, as well as the development of the skeleton and its condition in adults. Contrary to previous reports, adult Hamptophryne boliviana possess neopalatine (= palatine) bones. The vomer is divided into anterior and posterior parts; the degree of development of the posterior vomers varies among individuals and bilaterally within individuals. In its osteological development, Hamptophryne differs from most other anurans studied in that the vomer, and bones of the suspensorium and mandible, appear postmetamorphically. Similarly, the ischium, pubis, carpals, and tarsals do not appear until metamorphosis is completed. The chondrocranium possesses paired suprarostral cartilages-elements that have been reported to be absent in microhylid larvae. Furthermore, the chondrocranium differs from those described for other microhylid taxa by the possession of 1) a subpalatoquadrate bar that is described herein and 2) a greatly expanded, fenestrate sheet of cartilage associated with the larval otic process and otic capsule.
玻利维亚汉普蛙是一种中型狭口蛙，栖息于南美洲雨林的森林地面落叶层中。该物种的幼体通常见于森林中小型池塘和积水洼地的底部。基于透明和染色标本，对幼体软骨颅以及骨骼的发育及其在成体中的状况进行了描述。与之前的报道相反，成年玻利维亚汉普蛙具有新腭骨（=腭骨）。犁骨分为前部和后部；后部犁骨的发育程度在个体之间以及个体双侧有所不同。在骨骼发育方面，汉普蛙与大多数其他研究过的无尾目动物不同，在于犁骨、悬器骨和下颌骨在变态后才出现。同样，坐骨、耻骨、腕骨和跗骨直到变态完成才出现。软骨颅具有成对的上颌上软骨——据报道，狭口蛙幼体中不存在这些结构。此外，软骨颅与其他狭口蛙类群所描述的不同之处在于，它具有1）本文所述的腭方软骨下棒，以及2）与幼体耳突和耳囊相关的大大扩展的、有孔的软骨片。
