Ishikawa Yuji
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-01, Japan.
J Morphol. 1990 Aug;205(2):219-232. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1052050209.
Development of the internal structures of the caudal region (muscles, bones, cartilages, nerves, and blood vessels) of the Da/Da mutant medaka and of wild-type +/+ fish was compared. Muscles and nerves were immunochemically stained by using an antibody to troponin T and antibodies to neurofilament proteins, respectively. Bones and cartilages were stained with alizarin red and alcian blue. In stages 31-32 of the Da/Da embryo, the rudiments of epurals 1, 2, and 3 differentiated dorsally opposite the sites of the ventral rudiments of the parhypural, the lower hypural plate, and the upper hypural plate, respectively. In the +/+ embryo, the rudiments of epurals 1 and 2 differentiated in the later developmental stages (after stage 34), but the rudiment of epural 3 did not differentiate. In the Da/Da embryo, the deep dorsal flexor passed dorsalwards and ended at the rudiment of epural 2, whereas the muscle passed ventralwards and ended at the rudiment of the upper hypural plate in the +/+ embryo. In the Da/Da fry, the epichordal region of the caudal fin fold grew and the notochord extended straight into the tail without bending, while in the + /+ fry, the epichordal region did not grow and the notochord turned dorsalwards within the tail. In the Da/Da fry, extra skeletal rudiments and musculature differentiated in the epichordal region of the caudal fin, whereas these supernumerary structures did not develop in the +/+ fry. The pattern of the epichordal skeleton and musculature in the caudal region of the adult Da/Da fish was an almost mirror-image duplication of the hypochordal structures. These observations suggest that the characteristic expansion of the dorsal fin and epichordal lobe in the caudal region of the adult Da/Da fish is due to a process of ventralization, whereby the dorsal skeleton, musculature, and fin fold are stimulated to differentiate in a pattern like that which is restricted to the anal fin and hypochordal lobe of the wild type.
比较了Da/Da突变型青鳉和野生型+/+青鳉尾区内部结构（肌肉、骨骼、软骨、神经和血管）的发育情况。分别使用抗肌钙蛋白T抗体和抗神经丝蛋白抗体对肌肉和神经进行免疫化学染色。骨骼和软骨用茜素红和阿尔新蓝染色。在Da/Da胚胎的第31-32阶段，尾上骨1、2和3的原基分别在副尾下骨、下尾下板和上尾下板腹侧原基的背侧相对位置分化。在+/+胚胎中，尾上骨1和2的原基在后期发育阶段（第34阶段之后）分化，但尾上骨3的原基未分化。在Da/Da胚胎中，深背屈肌向背侧走行并止于尾上骨2的原基，而在+/+胚胎中该肌肉向腹侧走行并止于上尾下板的原基。在Da/Da幼鱼中，尾鳍褶的脊索区生长，脊索笔直延伸至尾部而不弯曲，而在+/+幼鱼中，脊索区不生长，脊索在尾内转向背侧。在Da/Da幼鱼中，尾鳍脊索区有额外的骨骼原基和肌肉组织分化，而在+/+幼鱼中这些多余的结构未发育。成年Da/Da鱼尾区脊索骨骼和肌肉组织的模式几乎是下索结构的镜像重复。这些观察结果表明，成年Da/Da鱼尾区背鳍和脊索叶的特征性扩展是由于腹侧化过程，即背侧骨骼、肌肉组织和鳍褶被刺激以类似于野生型仅限于臀鳍和下索叶的模式分化。
