Jeon Sang Won, Kim Yong-Ku
Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
Psychiatry Investig. 2018 Jun;15(6):553-560. doi: 10.30773/pi.2016.10.24. Epub 2018 Jun 7.
Despite the fact that the lifetime and yearly prevalence rates of mental illness continue rising, such diseases have only been acknowledged as involved in workplace health issue since the 2000s. Additionally, while the number of recognized cases of mental illnesses is rather low compared to their prevalence, they have a high likelihood of causing significant problems, including fatalities. Many workers are terrified of losing their jobs due to mental illness and therefore attempt to hide their mental health problems. For this reason, clinicians involved in occupational and environmental medicine should focus on interviews or screenings to identify such hidden mental health problems. More specifically, it would be helpful to evaluate job stress and depression in workplaces to ensure appropriate preventive actions and thereby reduce the prevalence of mental illness. Job stress not only causes mental illness and dissatisfaction with work, but also can increase the prevalence and morbidity of medical diseases, as well as other physical health problems. Depression is a major contributor to work loss and absence with effects surpassing almost all of the chronic medical disorder. These facts show why measure of job stress and depression should be highlighted in the occupational settings. This article introduces a variety of assessment tools to examine mental health, particularly stress and depression, in workplaces. These tools can be used by clinicians or professionals involved in the mental health, occupational safety, or health service fields for running diagnostics or screening tests.
尽管精神疾病的终生患病率和年患病率持续上升，但直到21世纪，这类疾病才被认为与工作场所健康问题有关。此外，虽然已确诊的精神疾病病例数与患病率相比相当低，但它们很有可能引发重大问题，包括死亡。许多工人因精神疾病而害怕失去工作，因此试图隐瞒自己的心理健康问题。出于这个原因，从事职业与环境医学的临床医生应重点通过面谈或筛查来识别这类隐藏的心理健康问题。更具体地说，评估工作场所的工作压力和抑郁情况将有助于采取适当的预防措施，从而降低精神疾病的患病率。工作压力不仅会导致精神疾病和工作不满，还会增加内科疾病以及其他身体健康问题的患病率和发病率。抑郁是导致工作损失和缺勤的主要因素，其影响几乎超过所有慢性内科疾病。这些事实表明了为何在职业环境中应重视对工作压力和抑郁的测量。本文介绍了多种用于检查工作场所心理健康状况，特别是压力和抑郁情况的评估工具。这些工具可供从事心理健康、职业安全或健康服务领域的临床医生或专业人员用于进行诊断或筛查测试。
