Forti Lucas Rodriguez, Foratto Roseli Maria, Márquez Rafael, Pereira Vânia Rosa, Toledo Luís Felipe
Laboratório Multiusuário de Bioacústica (LMBio) e Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Fonoteca Zoológica, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
PeerJ. 2018 May 31;6:e4813. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4813. eCollection 2018.
Anuran vocalizations, such as advertisement and release calls, are informative for taxonomy because species recognition can be based on those signals. Thus, a proper acoustic description of the calls may support taxonomic decisions and may contribute to knowledge about amphibian phylogeny.
Here we present a perspective on advertisement call descriptions of the frog subfamily Lophyohylinae, through a literature review and a spatial analysis presenting bioacoustic coldspots (sites with high diversity of species lacking advertisement call descriptions) for this taxonomic group. Additionally, we describe the advertisement and release calls of the still poorly known treefrog, . We analyzed recordings of six males using the software Raven Pro 1.4 and calculated the coefficient of variation for classifying static and dynamic acoustic properties.
We found that more than half of the species within the subfamily do not have their vocalizations described yet. Most of these species are distributed in the western and northern Amazon, where recording sampling effort should be strengthened in order to fill these gaps. The advertisement call of is composed of 3-18 short unpulsed notes (mean of 13 ms long), presents harmonic structure, and has a peak dominant frequency of about 1.4 kHz. This call usually presents amplitude modulation, with decreasing intensity along the sequence of notes. The release call is a simple unpulsed note with an average duration of 9 ms, and peak dominant frequency around 1.8 kHz. Temporal properties presented higher variations than spectral properties at both intra- and inter-individual levels. However, only peak dominant frequency was static at intra-individual level. High variability in temporal properties and lower variations related to spectral ones is usual for anurans; The first set of variables is determined by social environment or temperature, while the second is usually related to species-recognition process. Here we review and expand the acoustic knowledge of the subfamily Lophyohylinae, highlighting areas and species for future research.
无尾两栖类的鸣声，如求偶鸣声和释放鸣声，对于分类学具有重要意义，因为物种识别可以基于这些信号。因此，对鸣声进行恰当的声学描述可能有助于分类学决策，并可能增进对两栖类系统发育的了解。
在此，我们通过文献综述和空间分析，呈现了蛙亚科洛氏蛙亚科求偶鸣声描述的一个视角，该分析展示了该分类群的生物声学冷点（缺乏求偶鸣声描述的物种高度多样化的地点）。此外，我们描述了仍鲜为人知的树蛙的求偶鸣声和释放鸣声。我们使用Raven Pro 1.4软件分析了六只雄性的录音，并计算了用于分类静态和动态声学特性的变异系数。
我们发现该亚科中超过一半的物种尚未有其鸣声的描述。这些物种大多分布在亚马逊西部和北部，应加强该地区的录音采样工作以填补这些空白。的求偶鸣声由3至18个短的无脉冲音符组成（平均时长13毫秒），具有谐波结构，峰值主频约为1.4千赫兹。这种鸣声通常呈现幅度调制，音符序列中强度逐渐降低。释放鸣声是一个简单的无脉冲音符，平均时长9毫秒，峰值主频约为1.8千赫兹。在个体内和个体间水平上，时间特性的变化均高于频谱特性。然而，仅峰值主频在个体内水平上是静态的。无尾两栖类通常时间特性变化大而频谱特性变化小；第一组变量由社会环境或温度决定，而第二组通常与物种识别过程相关。在此，我们回顾并扩展了洛氏蛙亚科的声学知识，突出了未来研究的领域和物种。
