Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang 330000, China.
Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang 330000, China.
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2018 Jun 1;50(6):523-531. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmy028.
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) regulates a large number of biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, immune response, and development. In addition, TGF-β plays important roles in some pathological processes, for instance, it is upregulated and activated in fibrosis and advanced cancer. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as a fuel gauge that is activated when cells sense shortage of ATP and increase in AMP or AMP:ATP ratio. Activation of AMPK slows down anabolic processes and stimulates catabolic processes, leading to increased production of ATP. Furthermore, the functions of AMPK have been extended beyond energy homeostasis. In fact, AMPK has been shown to exert a tumor suppressive effect. Recent studies have demonstrated negative impacts of AMPK on TGF-β function. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the differences in the biological functions of TGF-β and AMPK, and some pathological processes such as fibrosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer metastasis, as well as angiogenesis and heterotopic ossifications where TGF-β and AMPK exert opposite effects.
转化生长因子β（TGF-β）调节着大量的生物学过程，包括增殖、分化、免疫反应和发育。此外，TGF-β 在一些病理过程中也发挥着重要作用，例如，在纤维化和晚期癌症中，它被上调和激活。腺苷一磷酸激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）作为一个燃料表，当细胞感觉到 ATP 短缺和 AMP 或 AMP：ATP 比值增加时被激活。AMPK 的激活会减缓合成代谢过程并刺激分解代谢过程，从而增加 ATP 的产生。此外，AMPK 的功能已经扩展到能量稳态之外。事实上，AMPK 已被证明具有肿瘤抑制作用。最近的研究表明，AMPK 对 TGF-β 功能有负面影响。因此，在这篇综述中，我们将讨论 TGF-β 和 AMPK 的生物学功能的差异，以及一些病理过程，如纤维化、上皮-间充质转化（EMT）和癌症转移，以及血管生成和异位骨化，在这些过程中 TGF-β 和 AMPK 发挥着相反的作用。
