La Gioia Alessandra, Porter Emily, Merunka Ilja, Shahzad Atif, Salahuddin Saqib, Jones Marggie, O'Halloran Martin
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Department of Electromagnetic Field, Czech Technical University in Prague, 166 27 Prague, Czech Republic.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2018 Jun 5;8(2):40. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics8020040.
Electromagnetic (EM) medical technologies are rapidly expanding worldwide for both diagnostics and therapeutics. As these technologies are low-cost and minimally invasive, they have been the focus of significant research efforts in recent years. Such technologies are often based on the assumption that there is a contrast in the dielectric properties of different tissue types or that the properties of particular tissues fall within a defined range. Thus, accurate knowledge of the dielectric properties of biological tissues is fundamental to EM medical technologies. Over the past decades, numerous studies were conducted to expand the dielectric repository of biological tissues. However, dielectric data is not yet available for every tissue type and at every temperature and frequency. For this reason, dielectric measurements may be performed by researchers who are not specialists in the acquisition of tissue dielectric properties. To this end, this paper reviews the tissue dielectric measurement process performed with an open-ended coaxial probe. Given the high number of factors, including equipment- and tissue-related confounders, that can increase the measurement uncertainty or introduce errors into the tissue dielectric data, this work discusses each step of the coaxial probe measurement procedure, highlighting common practices, challenges, and techniques for controlling and compensating for confounders.
电磁（EM）医学技术在全球范围内正迅速扩展，用于诊断和治疗。由于这些技术成本低且微创，近年来一直是大量研究工作的重点。此类技术通常基于这样的假设：不同组织类型的介电特性存在差异，或者特定组织的特性落在规定范围内。因此，准确了解生物组织的介电特性是电磁医学技术的基础。在过去几十年中，人们进行了大量研究以扩充生物组织的介电数据库。然而，并非每种组织类型在每个温度和频率下都有介电数据。因此，可能会由并非获取组织介电特性方面专家的研究人员进行介电测量。为此，本文回顾了使用开放式同轴探头进行的组织介电测量过程。鉴于包括设备和组织相关混杂因素在内的大量因素会增加测量不确定性或给组织介电数据引入误差，本文讨论了同轴探头测量程序的每个步骤，突出了控制和补偿混杂因素的常见做法、挑战及技术。
