Belbasis Lazaros, Bellou Vanesa
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece.
Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1793:1-6. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7868-7_1.
The basic epidemiological study designs are cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies. Cross-sectional studies provide a snapshot of a population by determining both exposures and outcomes at one time point. Cohort studies identify the study groups based on the exposure and, then, the researchers follow up study participants to measure outcomes. Case-control studies identify the study groups based on the outcome, and the researchers retrospectively collect the exposure of interest. The present chapter discusses the basic concepts, the advantages, and disadvantages of epidemiological study designs and their systematic biases, including selection bias, information bias, and confounding.
基本的流行病学研究设计包括横断面研究、病例对照研究和队列研究。横断面研究通过在一个时间点确定暴露因素和结局来提供人群的快照。队列研究根据暴露因素确定研究组，然后研究人员对研究参与者进行随访以测量结局。病例对照研究根据结局确定研究组，研究人员回顾性收集感兴趣的暴露因素。本章讨论流行病学研究设计的基本概念、优缺点及其系统偏差，包括选择偏倚、信息偏倚和混杂。
