环境流行病学中的研究设计原则。
Principles of study design in environmental epidemiology.
作者信息
Morgenstern H, Thomas D
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, University of California, School of Public Health, Los Angeles 90024-1772.
出版信息
Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):23-38. doi: 10.1289/ehp.93101s423.
This paper discusses the principles of study design and related methodologic issues in environmental epidemiology. Emphasis is given to studies aimed at evaluating causal hypotheses regarding exposures to suspected health hazards. Following background sections on the quantitative objectives and methods of population-based research, we present the major types of observational designs used in environmental epidemiology: first, the three basic designs involving the individual as the unit of analysis (i.e., cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies) and a brief discussion of genetic studies for assessing gene-environment interactions; second, various ecologic designs involving the group or region as the unit of analysis. Ecologic designs are given special emphasis in this paper because of our lack of resources or inability to accurately measure environmental exposures in large numbers of individuals. The paper concludes with a section highlighting current design issues in environmental epidemiology and several recommendations for future work.
本文讨论了环境流行病学中研究设计的原则及相关方法学问题。重点在于旨在评估关于接触疑似健康危害因素的因果假设的研究。在介绍了基于人群研究的定量目标和方法的背景章节之后，我们阐述了环境流行病学中使用的主要观察性设计类型：第一，以个体作为分析单位的三种基本设计（即队列研究、横断面研究和病例对照研究），并简要讨论用于评估基因 - 环境相互作用的遗传学研究；第二，以群体或区域作为分析单位的各种生态学设计。由于我们缺乏资源或无法准确测量大量个体的环境暴露情况，本文特别强调生态学设计。本文最后一部分突出了环境流行病学当前的设计问题以及对未来工作的若干建议。
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