Schröder Carmen M
Bull Acad Natl Med. 2015 Oct;199(7):1099-1113.
The teenage years are a period of particular vulnerability to the desynchronization of the biological clock. Beyond geneticfactors, puberty is associated with a significant delay in the circadian phase of sleep, responsible for increasing dificulties with sleep onset at night and thus with awakening in the morning. The prevalence of Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) is high in the adolescent population, affecting up to 16 % of teenagers. As sleep needs remain remarkably stable, adolescent sleep phase delay causes chronic sleep depriva- tion and subsequently daytime fatigue or even excessive daytime sleepiness, and also metabolic disturbances, neurocognitive problems associated with decreased school perfor- mance, as well as mood disorders. Whereas genetic and biological factors have been investigated by a number of studies, research on social, cognitive-behavioural or psychological factors is still limited to date. Among the latte; the technological revolution of the past decades, most importantly exposure to screens- has significantly modied adolescent behavior. This article discusses the latest research on the complex interaction of these different factors. It focusses particularly on the impact of media use on circadian disorders of sleep in adolescence.
青少年时期是生物钟失调的一个特别易受影响的阶段。除了遗传因素外，青春期还与睡眠昼夜节律的显著延迟有关，这导致夜间入睡困难增加，进而导致早晨醒来困难。青少年人群中延迟睡眠相位综合征（DSPS）的患病率很高，影响多达16%的青少年。由于睡眠需求保持相当稳定，青少年睡眠相位延迟会导致慢性睡眠剥夺，随后导致白天疲劳甚至白天过度嗜睡，还会导致代谢紊乱、与学业成绩下降相关的神经认知问题以及情绪障碍。虽然许多研究已经对遗传和生物学因素进行了调查，但迄今为止，关于社会、认知行为或心理因素的研究仍然有限。在后者中，过去几十年的技术革命，最重要的是接触屏幕，已经显著改变了青少年的行为。本文讨论了关于这些不同因素复杂相互作用的最新研究。它特别关注媒体使用对青少年睡眠昼夜节律紊乱的影响。
