Kaur Harpreet, Bhoday Harpreet Singh
Associate Consultant, Department of Internal Medicine, Fortis Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab.
Post Graduate Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab.
J Assoc Physicians India. 2017 Mar;65(3):73-77.
Sleep affects physical growth, behavior and emotional development besides determining cognitive functioning, learning and attention especially of a growing child. Adolescence represents one of the critical transitions in the life span and is characterized by a tremendous pace in growth and change that is second only to that of infancy. Adolescent sleep patterns deserve particular attention because of the potential impact on school performance. Average sleep period in adolescents is reduced during school days to around seven hours. The reasons may be biological mainly the sleep phase delay or psychosocial and environmental. These include academic demands, social activities, sports, internet, television viewing, part-time employment, and use of mobile phone at night, peer and parental influence and socioeconomic status. These changing patterns of sleep in adolescents lead to many behavioral sleep problems like Delayed Sleep-phase Syndrome; Difficulties in falling asleep (insomnia); excessive daytime sleepiness, poor academic performance. Decreased sleep in adolescents also causes obesity and other cardio-metabolic abnormalities. This needs an integrated approach involving adolescents themselves, their parents, teachers and specialized physicians to help improve the sleep quantity and quality and lead to a better quality of life and daytime functioning in adolescents.
睡眠不仅决定认知功能、学习能力和注意力，对成长中的孩子尤其如此，还会影响身体发育、行为和情绪发展。青春期是人生关键的过渡阶段之一，其特点是成长和变化速度极快，仅次于婴儿期。由于对学业成绩可能产生影响，青少年的睡眠模式值得特别关注。在上学期间，青少年的平均睡眠时间减少到约7小时。原因可能主要是生物学因素，即睡眠阶段延迟，也可能是心理社会和环境因素。这些因素包括学业要求、社交活动、体育活动、上网、看电视、兼职工作、夜间使用手机、同伴和父母的影响以及社会经济地位。青少年这些不断变化的睡眠模式会导致许多行为性睡眠问题，如睡眠相位延迟综合征、入睡困难（失眠）、白天过度嗜睡、学业成绩不佳。青少年睡眠减少还会导致肥胖和其他心血管代谢异常。这需要一种综合方法，涉及青少年自身、他们的父母、教师和专业医生，以帮助改善睡眠数量和质量，从而提高青少年的生活质量和白天的功能状态。
