[Alveolar microlithiasis: about a new case].

Alveolar microlithiasis (AM) is a rare disease, characterized by the accumulation of calcium concretions in the pulmonary alveolar lumen. We report a new case of AM suspected on chest X-ray and confirmed by chest CT scan, whose appearance was pathognomonic, and by transbronchial pulmonary biopsy. AM is often asymptomatic, contrasting with the importance of lesions on X-ray which are characteristics of this disease. The cause of this disease is unknown. However autosomal recessive inheritance with mutation in the SLC34A2 gene is suspected.