Shapiro Stuart L, Shelton Jessie
Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
Phys Rev D. 2016 Jun 15;93(12). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.93.123510. Epub 2016 Jun 7.
We reinvestigate the effect of annihilations on the distribution of collisionless dark matter (DM) in a spherical density spike around a massive black hole. We first construct a very simple, pedagogic, analytic model for an isotropic phase space distribution function that accounts for annihilation and reproduces the "weak cusp" found by Vasiliev for DM deep within the spike and away from its boundaries. The DM density in the cusp varies as for -wave annihilation, where is the distance from the central black hole, and is not a flat "plateau" profile. We then extend this model by incorporating a loss cone that accounts for the capture of DM particles by the hole. The loss cone is implemented by a boundary condition that removes capture orbits, resulting in an anisotropic distribution function. Finally, we evolve an initial spike distribution function by integrating the Boltzmann equation to show how the weak cusp grows and its density decreases with time. We treat two cases, one for -wave and the other for -wave DM annihilation, adopting parameters characteristic of the Milky Way nuclear core and typical WIMP models for DM. The cusp density profile for -wave annihilation is weaker, varying like ~, but is still not a flat plateau.
我们重新研究了湮灭对围绕大质量黑洞的球状密度尖峰中无碰撞暗物质(DM)分布的影响。我们首先为各向同性相空间分布函数构建了一个非常简单、具有启发性的解析模型,该模型考虑了湮灭,并再现了瓦西里耶夫在尖峰深处且远离其边界处发现的暗物质的“弱尖点”。对于 - 波湮灭,尖点处的暗物质密度随 变化,其中 是到中心黑洞的距离,且不是平坦的“平台”分布。然后,我们通过纳入一个考虑黑洞捕获暗物质粒子的损失锥来扩展这个模型。损失锥通过一个去除捕获轨道的边界条件来实现,从而产生一个各向异性的分布函数。最后,我们通过对玻尔兹曼方程积分来演化初始尖峰分布函数,以展示弱尖点如何随时间增长以及其密度如何降低。我们考虑两种情况,一种是 - 波暗物质湮灭,另一种是 - 波暗物质湮灭,采用银河系核球的特征参数以及典型的弱相互作用大质量粒子(WIMP)暗物质模型。对于 - 波湮灭,尖点密度分布较弱,其变化类似于 ~,但仍然不是平坦的平台。