Schnittman Jeremy D
NASA GSFC, 8800 Greenbelt Road, mail code 663, Greenbelt, MD 20771.
Gen Relativ Gravit. 2018;50(6). doi: 10.1007/s10714-018-2373-5.
Shortly after the discovery of the Kerr metric in 1963, it was realized that a region existed outside of the black hole's event horizon where no time-like observer could remain stationary. In 1969, Roger Penrose showed that particles within this ergosphere region could possess negative energy, as measured by an observer at infinity. When captured by the horizon, these negative energy particles essentially extract mass and angular momentum from the black hole. While the decay of a single particle within the ergosphere is not a particularly efficient means of energy extraction, the of multiple particles can reach arbitrarily high center-of-mass energy in the limit of extremal black hole spin. The resulting particles can escape with high efficiency, potentially erving as a probe of high-energy particle physics as well as general relativity. In this paper, we briefly review the history of the field and highlight a specific astrophysical application of the collisional Penrose process: the potential to enhance annihilation of dark matter particles in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole.
1963年克尔度规被发现后不久，人们就意识到在黑洞事件视界之外存在一个区域，在这个区域内没有类时观测者能够保持静止。1969年，罗杰·彭罗斯表明，在这个能层区域内的粒子，对于无穷远处的观测者而言，可能具有负能量。当被视界捕获时，这些负能量粒子实际上会从黑洞中提取质量和角动量。虽然能层内单个粒子的衰变并非一种特别高效的能量提取方式，但在极端黑洞自旋的极限情况下，多个粒子的 可以达到任意高的质心能量。产生的粒子能够高效逃逸，这有可能成为高能粒子物理学以及广义相对论的一种探测手段。在本文中，我们简要回顾该领域的历史，并着重介绍碰撞彭罗斯过程在一个特定天体物理方面的应用：在超大质量黑洞附近增强暗物质粒子湮灭的可能性。 （注：原文中“the of multiple particles”这里有缺失信息）
