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剖宫产瘢痕部位异位妊娠的非手术治疗——五年经验

Non-surgical management of caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy - a five-year experience.

作者信息

Jabeen Kausar, Karuppaswamy Jagadeeswari

机构信息

a The Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department , The Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust , Wigan , UK.

出版信息

J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018 Nov;38(8):1121-1127. doi: 10.1080/01443615.2018.1451986. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to review the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), who have been managed at our unit, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the non-surgical treatment options. Twenty-six cases were identified over a period of 5 years and 4 months (January 2012 until April 2017). The main outcome measures were a number of previous caesarean births, a method of diagnosis of CSP, the mode of treatment and the outcome. The diagnostic criteria on the ultrasound were an empty uterine cavity and cervical canal, the presence of a gestational sac anterior to the isthmic portion of the uterus, an absent or thinned (<5 mm) myometrial thickness between the gestational sac and the bladder, with a peri-trophoblastic circulation around the gestational sac with the colour flow Doppler examination. The diagnosis was confirmed using ultrasound in 25 of the cases (96%) and by laparoscopy in one patient (4%). Fourteen women (54%) were managed conservatively, as there was evidence of a spontaneous resolution. A systemic methotrexate injection was used successfully to treat 11 (42%) patients. Only one patient (4%) needed an additional surgical treatment following an incomplete resolution. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? A caesarean scar pregnancy is a life threatening condition whose incidence is increasing due to the global increase in the number of caesarean deliveries. Due to the relative rarity of the condition there is no consensus regarding the management of these cases. The management is mainly individualised, depending upon both the gestation and clinical symptoms. Surgical management or an intra-gestational sac injection of methotrexate with or without potassium chloride (KCl) dominates most of the published case reports and the systemic reviews. What the results of this study add? All of our patients in this case series were managed either conservatively with active monitoring, or were treated with an intramuscular methotrexate injection. Only one patient needed an additional minor surgical procedure due to an incomplete medical management. These results are very encouraging, and are attributed to the early diagnosis followed by a prompt treatment. An early detection requires a high index of suspicion, strict diagnostic criteria, and properly trained, experienced sonographers. A complete resolution was slow in some cases but the major high risk surgical procedures were avoided. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? We wanted the sharing of our experience via this review to play a positive role in guiding the treatment of this rare but increasing subset of ectopic pregnancies.

摘要

本文旨在回顾我院收治的剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)患者的诊断与治疗情况,并评估非手术治疗方案的有效性。在5年4个月的时间里(2012年1月至2017年4月)共确诊26例。主要观察指标包括既往剖宫产次数、CSP的诊断方法、治疗方式及治疗结果。超声诊断标准为宫腔及宫颈管空虚,子宫峡部前方有妊娠囊,妊娠囊与膀胱之间肌层厚度缺失或变薄(<5mm),彩色多普勒检查显示妊娠囊周围有滋养细胞周围血流。25例(96%)通过超声确诊,1例(4%)通过腹腔镜确诊。14例(54%)患者因有自然消退迹象而采取保守治疗。11例(42%)患者成功接受了全身甲氨蝶呤注射治疗。仅有1例(4%)患者在治疗未完全成功后需要额外的手术治疗。影响声明关于该主题已知的信息有哪些?剖宫产瘢痕妊娠是一种危及生命的情况,由于全球剖宫产数量的增加,其发病率正在上升。由于这种情况相对罕见,对于这些病例的管理尚无共识。管理主要是个体化的,取决于孕周和临床症状。手术管理或在妊娠囊内注射甲氨蝶呤加或不加氯化钾(KCl)在大多数已发表的病例报告和系统评价中占主导地位。本研究的结果补充了什么?本病例系列中的所有患者要么接受保守治疗并进行积极监测,要么接受肌肉注射甲氨蝶呤治疗。仅有1例患者因药物治疗未完全成功而需要额外的小手术。这些结果非常令人鼓舞,这归功于早期诊断并及时治疗。早期检测需要高度的怀疑指数、严格的诊断标准以及训练有素、经验丰富的超声检查人员。在某些情况下,完全消退过程缓慢,但避免了主要的高风险手术。这些发现对临床实践和/或进一步研究有何意义?我们希望通过本综述分享我们的经验,对指导这种罕见但发病率不断上升的异位妊娠亚组的治疗发挥积极作用。

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