Catlin F I
Arch Otolaryngol. 1985 Jun;111(6):377-84. doi: 10.1001/archotol.1985.00800080063007.
Infectious diseases are a primary cause of hearing impairment and produce about 25% of profound losses. Of these, one fifth are congenital. The major infections include rubella, cytomegalovirus, measles, pertussis, meningitis, and acute otitis media. Hearing loss from ototoxicity is also observed with a number of drugs, notably the aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, and cisplatin. Preventive measures are defined according to primary, secondary, and tertiary principles. Three principles of prevention are considered: direct action, defined objectives, and the variability of effective prevention according to cause.
传染病是听力障碍的主要原因，约25%的严重听力损失由其导致。其中，五分之一为先天性。主要感染包括风疹、巨细胞病毒、麻疹、百日咳、脑膜炎和急性中耳炎。多种药物也会导致耳毒性听力损失，尤其是氨基糖苷类、袢利尿剂和顺铂。预防措施根据一级、二级和三级原则确定。预防的三项原则为：直接行动、明确目标以及根据病因进行有效预防的可变性。
