Garousi Farzaneh, Kovács Béla, Veres Szilvia
1 Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen , H-4032 Debrecen Böszörményi út 138 , Hungary.
2 Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Crop Sciences, Department of Agricultural Botany, Crop Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen , H-4032 Debrecen Böszörményi út 138 , Hungary.
Acta Biol Hung. 2018 Jun;69(2):197-209. doi: 10.1556/018.69.2018.2.8.
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for animals and humans, but not plants. However, the capacity of some plants to accumulate and transform Se into bioactive compounds has important implications for human nutrition and health. In this study, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and maize (Zea mays) seedlings were cultivated in soil to investigate the effect of different rates of sodium selenite (1-90 mg kg soil) and sodium selenate (1-30 mg kg soil) on absorption and translocation of Se and sulphur (S). Sodium selenate decreased growth of sunflower roots at all applied rates and of maize roots at the highest rate applied. In contrast, sodium selenite up to 30 mg kg for sunflower and 3 mg kg for maize resulted in increased shoot and root growth. An increase in Se concentration in soil resulted in an increase in Se and a decrease in S accumulation in roots and shoots of both maize and sunflower. Selenium translocation from roots to shoot was higher in sunflower than maize. Root-to-shoot translocation of Se was 5 to 30 times greater in sunflower and 0.4 to 3 times greater in maize in the sodium selenate than sodium selenite treatments. Sunflower, as a Se-hyperaccumulator with up to 1.8 g kg in shoots (with no significant decrease in shoot biomass) can be a valuable plant in biofortification to improve animal/human nutrition, as well as in phytoremediation of contaminated sites to restore ecosystem services.
硒（Se）是动物和人类必需的元素，但不是植物必需的元素。然而，一些植物积累硒并将其转化为生物活性化合物的能力对人类营养和健康具有重要意义。在本研究中，将向日葵（Helianthus annuus）和玉米（Zea mays）幼苗种植在土壤中，以研究不同施用量的亚硒酸钠（1 - 90 mg/kg土壤）和硒酸钠（1 - 30 mg/kg土壤）对硒和硫（S）吸收与转运的影响。在所有施用量下，硒酸钠均降低了向日葵根系的生长，在最高施用量下降低了玉米根系的生长。相比之下，向日葵施用量高达30 mg/kg、玉米施用量高达3 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠导致地上部和根系生长增加。土壤中硒浓度的增加导致玉米和向日葵根系及地上部中硒的积累增加，硫的积累减少。向日葵中硒从根系向地上部的转运高于玉米。在硒酸钠处理中，向日葵根系到地上部的硒转运比在亚硒酸钠处理中高5至30倍，玉米则高0.4至3倍。向日葵作为一种地上部硒含量高达1.8 g/kg（地上部生物量无显著下降）的硒超积累植物，在生物强化以改善动物/人类营养以及在污染场地的植物修复以恢复生态系统服务方面可能是一种有价值的植物。
