Blanton Jesse D, Colwell Emily, Walden Cynthia L, Davis Lessie M, Hoang Christine, Legred Julie A, Pieracci Emily G, Wallace Ryan M, Ebell Mark H, Fu Zhen F, Shwiff Stephanie A, Lee Joel M
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018 Jun 15;252(12):1491-1502. doi: 10.2460/javma.252.12.1491.
OBJECTIVE To identify knowledge and practices related to rabies vaccination and serologic monitoring among animal care workers in the United States. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SAMPLE 2,334 animal care workers (ie, veterinarians, veterinary technicians, animal control workers, and wildlife rehabilitators). PROCEDURES Participants were contacted through relevant professional organizations to participate in an anonymous web-based survey. The survey collected demographic and occupational information, animal handling and potential rabies exposure information, and individual rabies vaccination and serologic monitoring practices. Comparisons of animal bite and rabies exposure rates were made between occupational groups. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with rabies vaccination status and adherence to serologic monitoring recommendations. RESULTS Respondents reported 0.77 animal bites/person-year or 0.10 bites/1,000 animals handled. The overall rate of postexposure prophylaxis due to an occupational rabies exposure was 1.07/100 person-years. Veterinarians reported the highest rabies vaccination rate (98.7% [367/372]), followed by animal control workers (78.5% [344/438]), wildlife rehabilitators (78.2% [122/156]), and veterinary technicians (69.3% [937/1,352]). Respondents working for employers requiring rabies vaccination and serologic monitoring were 32.16 and 6.14 times, respectively, as likely to be vaccinated or have a current serologic monitoring status as were respondents working for employers without such policies. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that, given the high reported rates of animal bites and potential rabies exposures among animal care workers, improvements in rabies vaccination and serologic monitoring practices are needed.
目的 确定美国动物护理人员中与狂犬病疫苗接种和血清学监测相关的知识与实践。 设计 横断面调查。 样本 2334 名动物护理人员（即兽医、兽医技术人员、动物控制工作人员和野生动物康复者）。 程序 通过相关专业组织联系参与者，让他们参与一项基于网络的匿名调查。该调查收集了人口统计学和职业信息、动物处理及潜在狂犬病暴露信息，以及个人狂犬病疫苗接种和血清学监测实践情况。对不同职业组之间的动物咬伤和狂犬病暴露率进行了比较。采用多因素逻辑回归分析来评估与狂犬病疫苗接种状况及血清学监测建议依从性相关的因素。 结果 受访者报告的动物咬伤率为每人每年 0.77 次，或每处理 1000 只动物有 0.10 次咬伤。因职业性狂犬病暴露而进行暴露后预防的总体发生率为每 100 人年 1.07 次。兽医报告的狂犬病疫苗接种率最高（98.7% [367/372]），其次是动物控制工作人员（78.5% [344/438]）、野生动物康复者（78.2% [122/156]）和兽医技术人员（69.3% [937/1352]）。在要求进行狂犬病疫苗接种和血清学监测的雇主处工作的受访者接种疫苗或目前处于血清学监测状态的可能性分别是在没有此类政策的雇主处工作的受访者的 32.16 倍和 6.14 倍。 结论及临床意义 结果表明，鉴于动物护理人员报告的动物咬伤率和潜在狂犬病暴露率较高，则需要改进狂犬病疫苗接种和血清学监测实践。
