Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Public Health. 2019 Sep;63(Supplement):S20-S25. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_364_19.
In rabies endemic countries, where every animal bite is potentially a suspected rabid exposure, the exposed individuals should seek early and proper health care. It is also essential to complete the full course of postexposure vaccination to protect against rabies.
The study aimed at determining the health-seeking behavior of animal bite victims; assessing the perceived risk of rabies transmission from different animals and knowledge on its prevention and finding out the compliance to complete course of rabies vaccination and associated factors.
A multi-centric, health facility-based survey was conducted during May 2017 to January 2018 in six regional-representative states involving 18 health facilities. Study participants were animal bite victims attending the health facilities. The data from all the study participants across the country were compiled and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test to find out the association of factors influencing compliance.
Among a total of 529 animal bite victims, 83.6% sought postexposure prophylaxis coming directly to health facility; others visited nonallopathic/traditional healers/veterinarians/Auxiliary Nursing Midwifery before coming to health facility. The perceived risk of disease transmission and knowledge on the prevention of rabies was insufficient among the exposed victims. All participants were started with anti-rabies vaccination; the compliance rate for the full course of intramuscular rabies vaccination was 65.9% and for intra-dermal rabies vaccination, it was 85.1%. Among Category III exposures, only 46.2% received rabies immunoglobulin.
Health-seeking behavior and compliance to complete course of anti-rabies vaccination is unsatisfactory, which has to be improved to prevent rabies.
在狂犬病流行的国家，每一次动物咬伤都可能是疑似狂犬病暴露，因此暴露者应尽快寻求适当的医疗保健。完成狂犬病暴露后预防的全程接种对于预防狂犬病也是至关重要的。
本研究旨在确定动物咬伤受害者的就医行为；评估不同动物传播狂犬病的风险感知和对其预防的知识，并发现完成狂犬病疫苗全程接种的依从性及其相关因素。
2017 年 5 月至 2018 年 1 月期间，在 6 个具有区域代表性的州的 18 个卫生机构进行了一项多中心、基于卫生机构的调查，研究对象为到卫生机构就诊的动物咬伤受害者。对来自全国各地的所有研究参与者的数据进行编译和分析，采用描述性统计和卡方检验来发现影响依从性的因素之间的关联。
在总共 529 名动物咬伤受害者中，83.6%的人直接到卫生机构寻求暴露后预防措施；其他人在前往卫生机构之前，先去了非顺势疗法/传统治疗师/兽医/辅助护士助产士那里。暴露的受害者对疾病传播的风险感知和预防狂犬病的知识不足。所有参与者均开始接受狂犬病疫苗接种；肌肉内狂犬病疫苗全程接种的依从率为 65.9%，皮内狂犬病疫苗接种的依从率为 85.1%。在 3 类暴露中，只有 46.2%的人接受了狂犬病免疫球蛋白。
寻求医疗保健和完成狂犬病疫苗全程接种的依从性并不令人满意，需要加以改进以预防狂犬病。
