Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
Neuroimage. 2018 Sep;178:677-686. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.080. Epub 2018 Jun 8.
Many empathy tasks lack ecological validity due to their use of simplistic stimuli and static analytical approaches. Empathic accuracy tasks overcome these limitations by using autobiographical emotional video clips. Usually, a single measure of empathic accuracy is computed by correlating the participants' continuous ratings of the narrator's emotional state with the narrator's own ratings. In this study, we validated a modified empathic accuracy task. A valence-independent rating of the narrator's emotional intensity was added to provide comparability between videos portraying different primary emotions and to explore changes in neural activity related to variations in emotional intensity over time. We also added a new neutral control condition to investigate general emotional processing. In the scanner, 34 healthy participants watched 6 video clips of people talking about an autobiographical event (2 sad, 2 happy and 2 neutral clips) while continuously rating the narrator's emotional intensity. Fluctuation in perceived emotional intensity correlated with activity in brain regions previously implicated in cognitive empathy (bilateral superior temporal sulcus, temporoparietal junction, and temporal pole) and affective empathy (right anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus). When emotional video clips were compared to neutral video clips, we observed higher activity in similar brain regions. Empathic accuracy, on the other hand, was only positively related to activation in regions that have been implicated in cognitive empathy. Our modified empathic accuracy task provides a new method for studying the underlying components and dynamic processes involved in empathy. While the task elicited both cognitive and affective empathy, successful tracking of others' emotions relied predominantly on the cognitive components of empathy. The fMRI data analysis techniques developed here may prove valuable in characterising the neural basis of empathic difficulties observed across a range of psychiatric conditions.
许多同理心任务由于使用简单的刺激和静态分析方法而缺乏生态有效性。同理心准确性任务通过使用自传体情感视频剪辑克服了这些限制。通常，通过将参与者对叙述者情绪状态的连续评分与叙述者自己的评分进行相关来计算单一的同理心准确性度量。在这项研究中，我们验证了一种经过修改的同理心准确性任务。添加了对叙述者情绪强度的与效价无关的评分，以提供描绘不同主要情绪的视频之间的可比性，并探索与情绪强度随时间变化相关的神经活动变化。我们还添加了一个新的中性控制条件，以研究一般的情绪处理。在扫描仪中，34 名健康参与者观看了 6 个人谈论自传事件的视频剪辑（2 个悲伤，2 个快乐和 2 个中性剪辑），同时连续对叙述者的情绪强度进行评分。感知到的情绪强度的波动与以前涉及认知同理心（双侧颞上回、颞顶联合和颞极）和情感同理心（右侧前岛叶和下额回）的大脑区域的活动相关。当将情感视频剪辑与中性视频剪辑进行比较时，我们观察到相似的大脑区域的活动更高。另一方面，同理心准确性仅与先前涉及认知同理心的大脑区域的激活呈正相关。我们修改后的同理心准确性任务为研究同理心涉及的潜在组成部分和动态过程提供了一种新方法。虽然该任务引发了认知和情感同理心，但对他人情绪的成功跟踪主要依赖于同理心的认知成分。这里开发的 fMRI 数据分析技术可能有助于描述在一系列精神疾病中观察到的同理心困难的神经基础。
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