Kent Raymond D, Vorperian Houri K
Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
J Commun Disord. 2018 Jul-Aug;74:74-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2018.05.004. Epub 2018 Jun 1.
Data on vowel formants have been derived primarily from static measures representing an assumed steady state. This review summarizes data on formant frequencies and bandwidths for American English and also addresses (a) sources of variability (focusing on speech sample and time sampling point), and (b) methods of data reduction such as vowel area and dispersion.
Searches were conducted with CINAHL, Google Scholar, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, and other online sources including legacy articles and references. The primary search items were vowels, vowel space area, vowel dispersion, formants, formant frequency, and formant bandwidth.
Data on formant frequencies and bandwidths are available for both sexes over the lifespan, but considerable variability in results across studies affects even features of the basic vowel quadrilateral. Origins of variability likely include differences in speech sample and time sampling point. The data reveal the emergence of sex differences by 4 years of age, maturational reductions in formant bandwidth, and decreased formant frequencies with advancing age in some persons. It appears that a combination of methods of data reduction provide for optimal data interpretation.
The lifespan database on vowel formants shows considerable variability within specific age-sex groups, pointing to the need for standardized procedures.
元音共振峰数据主要来自代表假定稳态的静态测量。本综述总结了美式英语共振峰频率和带宽的数据，并探讨了（a）变异性来源（重点关注语音样本和时间采样点），以及（b）数据缩减方法，如元音面积和离散度。
通过CINAHL、谷歌学术、MEDLINE/PubMed、SCOPUS以及其他在线资源（包括旧文章和参考文献）进行检索。主要检索词为元音、元音空间面积、元音离散度、共振峰、共振峰频率和共振峰带宽。
在整个生命周期中，男女两性都有共振峰频率和带宽的数据，但不同研究结果存在相当大的变异性，甚至影响到基本元音四边形的特征。变异性的来源可能包括语音样本和时间采样点的差异。数据显示，4岁时出现性别差异，共振峰带宽随成熟而减小，部分人共振峰频率随年龄增长而降低。似乎综合使用数据缩减方法能实现最佳的数据解读。
元音共振峰的生命周期数据库显示，在特定年龄性别组内存在相当大的变异性，这表明需要标准化程序。
