Liu Amanda, Marcon Margaret, Assor Esther, Mahmud Farid H, Turner Justine, Mager Diana
a Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutrition Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.
b Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
Can J Diet Pract Res. 2018 Sep 1;79(3):118-124. doi: 10.3148/cjdpr-2018-010. Epub 2018 Jun 12.
The study purpose was to describe dietary intake and the factors influencing micronutrient supplements (MS) use in Celiac Disease (CD) ± Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Three-day food records collected from parents of youth (3-18 years) with CD (n = 14) ± T1D (n = 10) were assessed for macro and micronutrient intake, diet quality (DQ), glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and food group intake. Focus group methodology and thematic concept analysis were conducted to determine factors influencing adolescent MS use. Mean ± SD age was 11 ± 4.4 (CD) and 13 ± 3.7 (CD + T1D) (P = 0.32). Body mass index was within healthy reference ranges (17.9 ± 2.5 [CD]; 19.3 ± 3.8 [CD + T1D] kg/m; P = 0.61). The majority of youth with CD ± T1D (>90%) had high intakes of sugar and saturated fat, had high GI and GL, and met food serving recommendations and DQs that were indicative of "needs improvement." With the exception of vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, calcium, and potassium, youth in both groups met the estimated average requirements (EAR) for most micronutrients. MS use corrected suboptimal vitamin D intake; however, vitamin E, folate, calcium, and potassium intake remained below the EAR. Variables influencing adolescent MS use included daily routine, health professional influence, disease management (CD + T1D), and lack of knowledge about the need for MS. Strategies to elicit adolescent MS use varied between parent and adolescents.
本研究旨在描述乳糜泻（CD）±1型糖尿病（T1D）患者的饮食摄入情况以及影响微量营养素补充剂（MS）使用的因素。收集了患有CD（n = 14）±T1D（n = 10）的青少年（3至18岁）父母提供的3天食物记录，评估其中的宏量和微量营养素摄入量、饮食质量（DQ）、血糖指数（GI）、血糖负荷（GL）以及食物组摄入量。采用焦点小组方法和主题概念分析来确定影响青少年使用MS的因素。平均年龄±标准差为11±4.4（CD组）和13±3.7（CD+T1D组）（P = 0.32）。体重指数在健康参考范围内（17.9±2.5[CD组]；19.3±3.8[CD+T1D组]kg/m²；P = 0.61）。大多数患有CD±T1D的青少年（>90%）糖和饱和脂肪摄入量高，GI和GL高，并且达到了表明“需要改善”的食物份数建议和DQ。除了维生素D、维生素E、叶酸、钙和钾外，两组青少年大多数微量营养素的摄入量达到了估计平均需求量（EAR）。使用MS纠正了维生素D摄入不足的情况；然而，维生素E、叶酸、钙和钾的摄入量仍低于EAR。影响青少年使用MS的变量包括日常生活、医疗专业人员的影响、疾病管理（CD+T1D）以及对MS需求的知识缺乏。促使青少年使用MS的策略在父母和青少年之间有所不同。
