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比较计算带电配体绝对结合自由能的炼金术和物理途径方法。

Comparing alchemical and physical pathway methods for computing the absolute binding free energy of charged ligands.

机构信息

Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Pace University, New York, NY 10038, USA.

出版信息

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2018 Jun 27;20(25):17081-17092. doi: 10.1039/c8cp01524d.

Abstract

Accurately predicting absolute binding free energies of protein-ligand complexes is important as a fundamental problem in both computational biophysics and pharmaceutical discovery. Calculating binding free energies for charged ligands is generally considered to be challenging because of the strong electrostatic interactions between the ligand and its environment in aqueous solution. In this work, we compare the performance of the potential of mean force (PMF) method and the double decoupling method (DDM) for computing absolute binding free energies for charged ligands. We first clarify an unresolved issue concerning the explicit use of the binding site volume to define the complexed state in DDM together with the use of harmonic restraints. We also provide an alternative derivation for the formula for absolute binding free energy using the PMF approach. We use these formulas to compute the binding free energy of charged ligands at an allosteric site of HIV-1 integrase, which has emerged in recent years as a promising target for developing antiviral therapy. As compared with the experimental results, the absolute binding free energies obtained by using the PMF approach show unsigned errors of 1.5-3.4 kcal mol-1, which are somewhat better than the results from DDM (unsigned errors of 1.6-4.3 kcal mol-1) using the same amount of CPU time. According to the DDM decomposition of the binding free energy, the ligand binding appears to be dominated by nonpolar interactions despite the presence of very large and favorable intermolecular ligand-receptor electrostatic interactions, which are almost completely cancelled out by the equally large free energy cost of desolvation of the charged moiety of the ligands in solution. We discuss the relative strengths of computing absolute binding free energies using the alchemical and physical pathway methods.

摘要

准确预测蛋白质-配体复合物的绝对结合自由能是计算生物物理学和药物发现中的一个基本问题。由于配体与其环境在水溶液中的强静电相互作用,计算带电配体的结合自由能通常被认为是具有挑战性的。在这项工作中,我们比较了平均力势(PMF)方法和双去耦方法(DDM)计算带电配体绝对结合自由能的性能。我们首先澄清了在 DDM 中与使用调和约束一起明确使用结合位点体积来定义复合物状态的一个未解决的问题。我们还提供了使用 PMF 方法计算绝对结合自由能的公式的另一种推导。我们使用这些公式计算了 HIV-1 整合酶变构位点的带电配体的结合自由能,该整合酶近年来已成为开发抗病毒治疗的有希望的靶标。与实验结果相比,使用 PMF 方法获得的绝对结合自由能的绝对值误差为 1.5-3.4 kcal mol-1,略优于使用相同 CPU 时间的 DDM(绝对值误差为 1.6-4.3 kcal mol-1)的结果。根据结合自由能的 DDM 分解,尽管存在非常大且有利的分子间配体-受体静电相互作用,但配体结合似乎主要由非极性相互作用主导,这些相互作用几乎完全被溶液中带电配体部分去溶剂化的同样大的自由能成本抵消。我们讨论了使用化学路径和物理路径方法计算绝对结合自由能的相对优势。

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