State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 1;626:1284-1294. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.183. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
China is one of the fastest-growing economies of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, and heavy metal emissions have increased in parallel with rapid industrialization and urbanization. Over the last decade, several studies of geochemical records from peat have reconstructed changes in atmospheric metal pollution in China. We review the peat records that detail the history of atmospheric metal pollution over the last two centuries in NE China. The ecological risk (ER) of accumulated metals and their potential eco-toxicological effects, through threshold and probable effect concentrations (TEC and PEC), are also evaluated. Peat records of metals show an increase of pollution loads in the environment over the pre-industrial level during the past two centuries, with an unprecedented increase in China over the last 60 years. There is generally good agreement between geochemical peat records from NE China and others records elsewhere in China. However, some discrepancies are observed especially with Hg records from lake sediments. These discrepancies could be explained by several factors, including post-depositional processes or uncertainties arising from dating methods. The ecological risk of heavy metals is found to be relatively weak in the remote and high-altitude environment in NE China. Although, most metals are under the TEC, Pb concentrations usually surpass it and are getting close to the PEC which indicates increasing ecological risks. Some areas of improvement have been highlighted such as the need for more long-term studies on atmospheric metals and a greater number of Pb isotopes records to better capture the long history of human activity and the spatial variability in metal deposition of the region.
中国是 20 世纪末和 21 世纪初增长最快的经济体之一，重金属排放量随着工业化和城市化的快速发展而增加。在过去的十年中，对泥炭地地球化学记录的几项研究重建了中国大气金属污染的变化。我们回顾了详细描述过去两个世纪以来中国东北地区大气金属污染历史的泥炭记录。还评估了积累金属的生态风险（ER）及其通过阈值和可能的效应浓度（TEC 和 PEC）产生的潜在生态毒性影响。金属的泥炭记录显示，在过去两个世纪中，环境中的污染负荷在工业化前水平上有所增加，而过去 60 年中国的污染负荷呈前所未有的增加。中国东北地区的地球化学泥炭记录与中国其他地区的记录通常具有很好的一致性。然而，在汞记录方面存在一些差异，特别是在湖泊沉积物中。这些差异可能是由多种因素造成的，包括沉积后过程或测年方法引起的不确定性。重金属的生态风险在中国东北地区偏远和高海拔的环境中相对较弱。尽管大多数金属都低于 TEC，但 Pb 浓度通常超过 TEC 并接近 PEC，这表明生态风险正在增加。已经强调了一些改进领域，例如需要对大气金属进行更多的长期研究，以及更多的 Pb 同位素记录，以更好地捕捉该地区人类活动的悠久历史和金属沉积的空间变异性。
