Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015 Jan;22(1):4-12. doi: 10.1177/2047487313505821. Epub 2013 Sep 18.
Elevation of a child's blood pressure may cause possible health risks in later life. There is evidence for adverse effects of exposure to air pollution and noise on blood pressure in adults. Little is known about these associations in children. We investigated the associations of air pollution and noise exposure with blood pressure in 12-year-olds.
Blood pressure was measured at age 12 years in 1432 participants of the PIAMA birth cohort study. Annual average exposure to traffic-related air pollution [NO2, mass concentrations of particulate matter with diameters of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and less than 10 µm (PM10), and PM2.5 absorbance] at the participants' home and school addresses at the time of blood pressure measurements was estimated by land-use regression models. Air pollution exposure on the days preceding blood pressure measurements was estimated from routine air monitoring data. Long-term noise exposure was assessed by linking addresses to modelled equivalent road traffic noise levels. Associations of exposures with blood pressure were analysed by linear regression. Effects are presented for an interquartile range increase in exposure.
Long-term exposure to NO2 and PM2.5 absorbance were associated with increased diastolic blood pressure, in children who lived at the same address since birth [adjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval) [mmHg] 0.83 (0.06 to 1.61) and 0.75 (-0.08 to 1.58), respectively], but not with systolic blood pressure. We found no association of blood pressure with short-term air pollution or noise exposure.
Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution may increase diastolic blood pressure in children.
儿童血压升高可能会给其日后的健康带来潜在风险。有证据表明，成年人暴露于空气污染和噪声中会对血压产生不良影响。但对于儿童而言，人们对这些关联的了解甚少。我们调查了 12 岁儿童的血压与空气污染和噪声暴露之间的关联。
在 PIAMA 出生队列研究的 1432 名参与者中，于 12 岁时测量血压。通过土地使用回归模型估算参与者在血压测量时的家庭和学校地址的年度平均交通相关空气污染（NO2、直径小于 2.5 µm（PM2.5）和小于 10 µm（PM10）的颗粒物质量浓度以及 PM2.5 吸光度）暴露水平，利用常规空气质量监测数据估算血压测量前几天的空气污染暴露水平。通过将地址与模拟等效道路交通噪声水平相关联，评估长期噪声暴露。通过线性回归分析暴露与血压之间的关联。结果表示为暴露增加一个四分位距时的变化。
长期暴露于 NO2 和 PM2.5 吸光度与舒张压升高相关，对于自出生起就居住在同一地址的儿童而言（调整后的平均差异（95%置信区间）[mmHg]分别为 0.83（0.06 至 1.61）和 0.75（-0.08 至 1.58）），但与收缩压无关。我们没有发现血压与短期空气污染或噪声暴露之间存在关联。
长期暴露于交通相关的空气污染可能会使儿童的舒张压升高。
