Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
Nanoscale. 2018 Jul 5;10(25):11701-11718. doi: 10.1039/c8nr01847b.
The constant drive to replace rare-earth metal magnets has initiated great interest in an alternative. Manganese (Mn) has emerged to be a potential candidate as a key element in rare-earth-free magnets. Its five unpaired valence electrons give it a large magnetocrystalline energy and the ability to form several intermetallic compounds. These factors have led Mn-based magnets to be a potential replacement for rare-earth permanent magnets for several applications, such as efficient power electronics, energy generators, magnetic recording and tunneling applications, and spintronics. For past few decades, Mn-based magnets have been explored in many different forms, such as bulk magnets, thin films, and nanoparticles. Here, we review the recent progress in the synthesis and structure-magnetic property relationships of Mn-based rare-earth-free magnets (MnBi, MnAl and MnGa). Furthermore, we discuss their potential to replace rare-earth magnetic materials through the control of their structure and composition to achieve the theoretically predicted magnetic properties.
对替代稀土金属磁铁的持续推动，引发了人们对替代品的浓厚兴趣。锰 (Mn) 已成为无稀土磁铁中关键元素的潜在候选材料。其五个未配对的价电子赋予它巨大的磁晶各向异性能量和形成多种金属间化合物的能力。这些因素使得基于 Mn 的磁铁成为几种应用（如高效电力电子、能源发生器、磁记录和隧道应用以及自旋电子学）中稀土永磁体的潜在替代品。在过去几十年中，人们已经以多种不同的形式探索了基于 Mn 的磁铁，如块状磁铁、薄膜和纳米颗粒。在这里，我们综述了 Mn 基无稀土磁铁（MnBi、MnAl 和 MnGa）的合成和结构-磁性关系方面的最新进展。此外，我们通过控制其结构和组成来讨论它们在取代稀土磁性材料方面的潜力，以实现理论预测的磁性。
