Department of Gerodontology, Division of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Gerodontology, Division of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2018 Sep-Oct;78:64-70. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.05.015. Epub 2018 May 31.
Swallowing muscle strength weakens with aging. Although numerous studies have investigated tongue pressure (TP) changes with age, studies on jaw-opening force (JOF), an indicator of suprahyoid muscle strength, are lacking. We investigated differences between age-related declines in TP and JOF in a cross-sectional study of 980 healthy and independent participants (379 men, 601 women) without dysphagia. Hand grip strength (HGS), TP, and JOF were compared among decade-based age groups in multiple comparison analyses with post-hoc tests and effect size calculated. Participants were divided into adult (20 s-50 s) and elderly groups (60 s-80 s); within each group, Pearson correlations between age and muscle strength indices were evaluated. TP started to significantly decline in the 60 s and 50 s for men and women (p < .01, medium effect size and p < .05, small effect size, respectively); HGS also declined at these ages (men: p < .01, women: p < .01, medium effect size). JOF started to significantly decline in men in their 80 s (p < .01, large effect size), but remained unchanged in women. In the elderly group, all measurements declined with age more sharply in men (HGS: r = -0.56, TP: r = -0.63, JOF: r = -0.13) than in women (HGS: r = -0.38, TP: r = -0.49, JOF: r = -0.003). TP declined more steeply than did JOF. Thus, the age related-decline in TP was similar to that of the HGS, but not the JOF. The results reveal that different patterns exist in the age-related decline in swallowing muscle strength, and suggest that maintenance of JOF might contribute to safe swallowing in healthy elderly individuals.
吞咽肌力量随着年龄的增长而减弱。虽然有许多研究调查了舌压（TP）随年龄的变化，但缺乏对上舌骨肌群力量指标——张口力（JOF）的研究。我们在一项横断面研究中，对 980 名无吞咽困难的健康和独立参与者（男性 379 名，女性 601 名）进行了研究，比较了与年龄相关的 TP 和 JOF 下降之间的差异。在多次比较分析中，我们比较了基于年龄的十年组之间的握力（HGS）、TP 和 JOF，并进行了事后检验和计算效应量。参与者分为成年组（20-50 岁）和老年组（60-80 岁）；在每组内，评估了年龄与肌肉力量指标之间的 Pearson 相关性。男性和女性的 TP 分别在 60 多岁和 50 多岁时开始显著下降（p<0.01，中效应量和 p<0.05，小效应量）；HGS 也在这些年龄下降（男性：p<0.01，女性：p<0.01，中效应量）。男性 JOF 从 80 多岁开始显著下降（p<0.01，大效应量），但女性则没有变化。在老年组中，所有测量结果在男性中随年龄增长下降得更急剧（HGS：r=-0.56，TP：r=-0.63，JOF：r=-0.13），而在女性中下降得更缓慢（HGS：r=-0.38，TP：r=-0.49，JOF：r=-0.003）。TP 的下降速度快于 JOF。因此，与 HGS 相比，TP 的年龄相关下降更明显，但与 JOF 无关。研究结果表明，吞咽肌力量的年龄相关性下降存在不同模式，提示保持 JOF 可能有助于健康老年人的安全吞咽。
