Han Feng, Zhang Siyu, Wu Bin, Kang Ning, Chen Yongqing
National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2017 Mar;46(2):282-290.
To assess the occupational health risk of coal dust in coal wharf, identify the high risk post.
The research took workers who were exposed to coal dust in two 50- 150 thousands tons coal wharfs around bohai as subjects. The field investigation to get the infoamtion of production technology, distribution of coal dust, free silica content of coal dust, dust prevention measures and facilities, personal protection equipment, occupational health management, etc were used. The coal dust concentration of workplaces and the main positions were detected by filter membrane weighing method. The health risk of the coal dust to the main posts were assessed with the InternationalCouncil on Mining and Metals risk assessment method and occupational hazard risk index method.
In the coal wharf, the concentration of coal dust at transferring tower, car dumper, ship loader, and coal storage yard were higher than other workplace, range of concentration: total dust 8. 8-85. 1 mg/m3, respirable dust 2. 3- 32. 3 mg/m3。The assessing result of ICMM method was that, 78. 6% of the posts were at "intolerable"level of occupational risk. The risk values of the driver of car dumper( 1500, 5000), the hatch commander( 1500), and the cleaners of coal storage yard( 900) were higher than transfer tower patrol workers( 600), drivers of material piling and taking machine( 450). The assessing result of occupational hazard risk index method was that, the risk degree of total dustand respirable dusttothe driver of car dumper was "severe"and "moderate"( the risk index was 40. 03 and 16. 95, respectively), and the risk degree of the total dust to the cleaners of coal unloading department and coal storage yard were "light"( the risk index was 6. 02 and 8. 70, respectively), with other posts' "no harm ".
The occupational hazard of coal wharf is focused on the processes of loading and unloading( "severe"and"moderate"), transferring( "light") and reentrainment( "light").
评估煤炭码头煤尘的职业健康风险，识别高风险岗位。
以渤海湾周边两个50 - 150万吨级煤炭码头接触煤尘的工人为研究对象。采用现场调查获取生产工艺、煤尘分布、煤尘中游离二氧化硅含量、防尘措施与设施、个人防护用品、职业健康管理等信息。采用滤膜称重法检测工作场所及主要岗位的煤尘浓度。采用国际采矿与金属理事会风险评估方法和职业危害风险指数法评估煤尘对主要岗位的健康风险。
在煤炭码头，转运塔、翻车机、装船机及储煤场的煤尘浓度高于其他工作场所，浓度范围：总粉尘8.8 - 85.1mg/m³，呼吸性粉尘2.3 - 32.3mg/m³。国际采矿与金属理事会方法评估结果显示，78.6%的岗位处于职业风险“不可容忍”水平。翻车机司机（1500、5000）、舱口指挥（1500）和储煤场清扫工（900）的风险值高于转运塔巡检工（600）、堆取料机司机（450）。职业危害风险指数法评估结果显示，翻车机司机的总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘风险程度为“严重”和“中度”（风险指数分别为40.03和16.95），卸煤部和储煤场清扫工的总粉尘风险程度为“轻度”（风险指数分别为6.02和8.70），其他岗位“无危害”。
煤炭码头的职业危害集中在装卸（“严重”和“中度”）、转运（“轻度”）和二次扬尘（“轻度”）过程。
