Han Xiaomin, Yu Dongmin, Zhang Jing, Zhang Hongyuan, Han Chunhui, Zhao Xi, Jiang Tao, Xu Jin, Li Fengqin
Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2016 Sep;45(5):766-776.
To survey the fungi contamination of four kinds of feed ingredients in 2013- 2014 from parts of China.
A total of 795 feed ingredients including soybean meal, cottonseed meal, wheat bran and distillers dried grains with soluble( DDGS) were collected from representative enterprises in different parts of China. Food safety national standards GB 4789. 15-2010 microbiological examination of food hygiene enumeration of molds and yeast and GB / T 4789. 16-2003 was used to enumerate, isolate and identify fungi, respectively.
A total of 25 genus 54species kinds of fungi were isolated and the fungi from Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium were the common contamination fungi in feed ingredients. Wheat bran was the most serious contaminated feed ingredients by fungi, and the detection rate of fungi contamination in four seasons were all greater than 84. 9%, and the exceeding feed limit rate was amount to 20. 8%. The fungi detection rate and contamination level were relatively lower in cottonseed meal and soybean meal, and the exceeding feed limit rate was 0. 9% and 1. 4%, respectively. There were types of feed ingredients, seasonal and regional differences for Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme contamination. The detection rate of Aspergillus flavus in wheat bran was higher in four seasons and all surveyed areas, and autumn and winter and huazhong district were with the highest contamination level. The detection rate of Fusarium moniliforme for soybean meal in autumn and winter and huabei district was higher than others. The detection rate of Aspergillus flavus for DDGS was very low, but the detection rate of Fusarium moniliforme was higher, especially for autumn and huazhong district, the detection rate was 40. 4%and 50. 0%, respectively.
The feed ingredients from China were commonly contaminated by fungi. It is recommended that strengthening the fungi contamination monitoring of feed ingredients from summer and autumn, huabei and huazhong district was an important prevention method.
调查2013 - 2014年中国部分地区4种饲料原料的真菌污染情况。
从中国不同地区的代表性企业收集了795份饲料原料，包括豆粕、棉籽粕、麦麸和玉米干酒糟及其可溶物（DDGS）。分别采用食品安全国家标准GB 4789.15 - 2010《食品卫生微生物学检验 霉菌和酵母计数》和GB/T 4789.16 - 2003对真菌进行计数、分离和鉴定。
共分离出25属54种真菌，其中曲霉属、青霉属、镰刀菌属为饲料原料中常见的污染真菌。麦麸是真菌污染最严重的饲料原料，四季真菌污染检出率均大于84.9%，超标率达20.8%。棉籽粕和豆粕的真菌检出率和污染程度相对较低，超标率分别为0.9%和1.4%。黄曲霉和串珠镰刀菌污染存在饲料原料种类、季节和区域差异。麦麸中黄曲霉在四季及所有调查地区的检出率均较高，秋冬季节及华中地区污染水平最高。豆粕中串珠镰刀菌在秋冬季节及华北地区的检出率高于其他地区。DDGS中黄曲霉检出率极低，但串珠镰刀菌检出率较高，尤其是秋季及华中地区，检出率分别为40.4%和50.0%。
中国饲料原料普遍受到真菌污染。建议加强夏秋季节、华北和华中地区饲料原料的真菌污染监测是重要的预防措施。
