Zhang Yu, Ji Yuanyi, Lu Wenxue, Liu Jing, Yang Yang, Zhou Huan, Liu Qiaolan
West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2017 Jan;46(1):21-31.
To identify trajectory and its correlates of mental health among adolescents in Wenchuan earthquake-hit areas.
The students of grade seven were selected in two junior high schools from slightly and severely earthquake-hit areas respectively. Longitudinal design was used to address 5-time follow-up surveys among the same participants every 6 months since October, 2010. The main contents of thequestionnaire included demographic information, adolescent mental health, self-esteem, social support, peer relationship and so on. The number of cases in this study sample included 970 students who attended five surveys. 415 students were in the severely earthquake-hit area( boys 48. 2%, girls 51. 8%) and 555 students were in the slightly earthquake-hit area( boys 49. 2%, girls 50. 8%). The average age of the subjects was11. 6 ± 0. 5 years at the first survey. Repeated measure analysis of variance and latent variable growth curve model were used to analyze data.
The mental health of adolescents presented a worse trend in the whole stage of junior high school( F = 9. 1, P <0. 05), and the mental health of the adolescents from slightly earthquake-hit area areas was always better than that from the severely earthquake-hit area( F = 135. 9, P < 0. 05). The self-esteem, peer relation of the slightly earthquake-hit areas were significantly higher than corresponding measurements of the heavily earthquake-hit areas( F = 17. 7 and 3. 8, P <0. 05), but the social support had a reverse result( F = 7. 8, P < 0. 05). Directly positive influencing factors for mental health were self-esteem, peer relation. The better peer relationships and higher self-esteem, the better mental health of adolescent were( β =- 0. 119 and- 0. 526, P < 0. 05). Peer relations could not only directly affect the mental health of adolescents, but also improve the level of self-esteem( β = 0. 334, P < 0. 001)by increasing the level of social support( β = 0. 565, P < 0. 001) to indirectly affect act on mental health.
The status and trajectory of mental health of adolescents from the earthquake-hit areas were influenced by the type of disaster areas, peer relation, self-esteem and social support.
识别汶川地震受灾地区青少年心理健康的轨迹及其相关因素。
分别从受灾较轻和较重的两个初中选取七年级学生。采用纵向设计，自2010年10月起，对同一批参与者每6个月进行一次共5次的随访调查。问卷主要内容包括人口学信息、青少年心理健康、自尊、社会支持、同伴关系等。本研究样本中的病例数包括970名参加了5次调查的学生。415名学生来自受灾严重地区（男生占48.2%，女生占51.8%），555名学生来自受灾较轻地区（男生占49.2%，女生占50.8%）。第一次调查时受试者的平均年龄为11.6±0.5岁。采用重复测量方差分析和潜变量增长曲线模型进行数据分析。
青少年心理健康在初中整个阶段呈恶化趋势（F=9.1，P<0.05），受灾较轻地区青少年的心理健康状况始终优于受灾严重地区（F=135.9，P<0.05）。受灾较轻地区青少年的自尊、同伴关系显著高于受灾严重地区的相应测量值（F=17.7和3.8，P<0.05），但社会支持情况则相反（F=7.8，P<0.05）。心理健康的直接正向影响因素是自尊、同伴关系。同伴关系越好、自尊水平越高，青少年的心理健康状况越好（β=-0.119和-0.526，P<0.05）。同伴关系不仅能直接影响青少年的心理健康，还能通过提高社会支持水平（β=0.565，P<0.001）来提高自尊水平（β=0.334，P<0.001），从而间接影响心理健康。
受灾地区青少年心理健康的状况和轨迹受灾区类型、同伴关系、自尊和社会支持的影响。
