Maimaitiming Tuerxunjiang, Wang Xiaojun, Tuerxunjiang Camila, Yang Yanqiong, Wuerkaixi Dilihuomaer, Pu Jinfen, Wang Li, Yan Liuqianzi
Department of Nutrition And Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2017 Jul;46(4):563-568.
To understand the dietary intake situation of Uighur pregnant women, investigate folic acid level and its influencing factors, to provide evidence for health education of maternal nutrition and implementation of proper nutrition, balanceddiet guidance.
358 cases of Uighur trimester pregnant women for the study, took the method of 3 d 24 h dietary recall to survey their dietary and collect blood samples. The Hb was detected by the cyanide methemoglobinmethod. The content of folic acid was determined by a double antibody biotin sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) method. The data processing used V2. 7. 13 nutrition calculator software, and compare with "DRIs"in 2013.
Diet composition and nutrient intake: Grains, livestock, poultry, fats and oils intake almost reached the standards, vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk and beans intake were below standards, the intake of fish and shrimp were( 0. 18 ± 3. 95) g, high salt intake( 9. 03 ± 3. 97). In early pregnancy, energy( 101. 19%), protein( 107. 87%), calcium( 32. 48%), iron( 195. 30%), zinc( 106. 63%), selenium( 55. 77%), iodine( 15. 54%), vitamin B1( 87. 50%) vitamin B2( 60. 00%), vitamin C( 65. 69%), folic acid( 13. 21%). The late pregnant energy( 84. 29%), protein( 72. 44%), calcium( 27. 77%), iron( 180. 38%), zinc( 121. 16%), selenium( 53. 11%), iodine( 11. 26%), vitamin B1( 75. 33%), vitamin B2( 49. 33%), vitamin C( 57. 37%), folic acid( 13. 15%). The total detection rate of anemia in pregnant women was 18. 89%, mean of Hb was( 119. 42 ± 13. 90) g/L. Comparison of Hb levels( P < 0. 05) and anemia detection rate( P < 0. 05) in the early and late pregnant women, the difference was significant; total lack of folic acid detection rate was 75. 42%, the average folate levels( 9. 15 ± 4. 22) nmol/L, compare folate levels( P < 0. 05) and folate deficiency detection rate( P < 0. 05) in early and late pregnant women, the difference was significant.
The dietary structure of pregnant women is less irrational. The intake of fruits and vegetables are inadequate and the intake of fish and shrimp is serious lack. The intake of salt is high. The proportion of three heat nutrients are in a suitable ratio range. The energy and protein intake are below the DRIs in the late pregnant, iron and zinc intake are high. The selenium, vitamin B2 and C intake are inadequate, a serious lack of calcium, iodine and folic acid in whole pregnancy. The anemia in late pregnant is more serious than early pregnant, during pregnancy folate level is low and late pregnant is lower than early.
了解维吾尔族孕妇的膳食摄入情况，调查叶酸水平及其影响因素，为孕产妇营养健康教育及实施合理营养、平衡膳食指导提供依据。
选取358例维吾尔族孕晚期妇女为研究对象，采用3 d 24 h膳食回顾法调查其膳食情况并采集血样。采用氰化高铁血红蛋白法检测血红蛋白（Hb）。采用双抗体生物素夹心酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法测定叶酸含量。数据处理采用V2.7.13营养计算器软件，并与2013年的“膳食营养素参考摄入量（DRIs）”进行比较。
膳食组成及营养素摄入情况：谷类、畜禽肉类、油脂类摄入量基本达标，蔬菜、水果、蛋类、奶类及豆类摄入量均未达标，鱼虾类摄入量为（0.18±3.95）g，食盐摄入量偏高（9.03±3.97）。孕早期，能量（101.19%）、蛋白质（107.87%）、钙（32.48%）、铁（195.30%）、锌（106.63%）、硒（55.77%）、碘（15.54%）、维生素B1（87.50%）、维生素B2（60.00%）、维生素C（65.69%）、叶酸（13.21%）。孕晚期能量（84.29%）、蛋白质（72.44%）、钙（27.77%）、铁（180.38%）、锌（121.16%）、硒（53.11%）、碘（11.26%）、维生素B1（75.33%）、维生素B2（49.33%）、维生素C（57.37%）、叶酸（13.15%）。孕妇贫血总检出率为18.89%，Hb均值为（119.42±13.90）g/L。孕早期与孕晚期孕妇Hb水平比较（P<0.05）及贫血检出率比较（P<0.05），差异均有统计学意义；叶酸总体缺乏检出率为75.42%，叶酸平均水平为（9.15±4.22）nmol/L，孕早期与孕晚期孕妇叶酸水平比较（P<0.05）及叶酸缺乏检出率比较（P<0.05），差异均有统计学意义。
孕妇膳食结构欠合理，蔬菜水果摄入不足，鱼虾类摄入严重缺乏，食盐摄入偏高。三大产能营养素比例处于适宜范围，孕晚期能量和蛋白质摄入量低于DRIs，铁和锌摄入量偏高，硒、维生素B2及维生素C摄入不足，整个孕期钙、碘及叶酸严重缺乏。孕晚期贫血较孕早期严重，孕期叶酸水平较低，且孕晚期低于孕早期。
