Bornachea Olga, Vea Angela, Llorente-Cortes Vicenta
Institute of Biomedical Research IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IibB)-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
Institute of Biomedical Research IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2018 Sep-Oct;30(5):230-239. doi: 10.1016/j.arteri.2018.03.003. Epub 2018 Jun 11.
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in obese and diabetic patients. In these groups of patients, the alterations of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) contribute to both vascular and myocardial dysfunction. Therefore, it is of clinical interest to determine the mechanisms by which EAT influences cardiovascular disease. Two key factors contribute to the tight intercommunication among EAT, coronary arteries and myocardium. One is the close anatomical proximity between these tissues. The other is the capacity of EAT to secrete cytokines and other molecules with paracrine and vasocrine effects on the cardiovascular system. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that EAT thickness is associated with not only metabolic syndrome but also atherosclerosis and heart failure. The evaluation of EAT using imaging modalities, although effective, presents several disadvantages including radiation exposure, limited availability and elevated costs. Therefore, there is a clinical interest in EAT as a source of new biomarkers of cardiovascular and endocrine alterations. In this review, we revise the mechanisms involved in the protective and pathological role of EAT and present the molecules released by EAT with greater potential to become biomarkers of cardiometabolic alterations.
心血管疾病是肥胖和糖尿病患者的主要死因。在这些患者群体中，心外膜脂肪组织（EAT）的改变会导致血管和心肌功能障碍。因此，确定EAT影响心血管疾病的机制具有临床意义。有两个关键因素促成了EAT、冠状动脉和心肌之间的紧密相互联系。一是这些组织在解剖学上距离很近。另一个是EAT分泌细胞因子和其他对心血管系统具有旁分泌和血管分泌作用的分子的能力。流行病学研究表明，EAT厚度不仅与代谢综合征有关，还与动脉粥样硬化和心力衰竭有关。使用成像方式评估EAT虽然有效，但也存在一些缺点，包括辐射暴露、可用性有限和成本高昂。因此，将EAT作为心血管和内分泌改变新生物标志物的来源具有临床意义。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了EAT的保护作用和病理作用所涉及的机制，并介绍了EAT释放的、更有可能成为心脏代谢改变生物标志物的分子。
