Cho Kit W
1 Department of Social Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, USA.
Exp Psychol. 2018 May;65(3):149-157. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000398.
Words rated for their survival relevance are remembered better than when rated using other well-known memory mnemonics. This finding, which is known as the survival advantage effect and has been replicated in many studies, suggests that our memory systems are molded by natural selection pressures. In two experiments, the present study used a visual search task to examine whether there is likewise a survival advantage for our visual systems. Participants rated words for their survival relevance or for their pleasantness before locating that object's picture in a search array with 8 or 16 objects. Although there was no difference in search times among the two rating scenarios when set size was 8, survival processing reduced visual search times when set size was 16. These findings reflect a search efficiency effect and suggest that similar to our memory systems, our visual systems are also tuned toward self-preservation.
与根据其他著名的记忆助记法进行评分相比，根据与生存相关性对单词进行评分时，人们对这些单词的记忆效果更好。这一发现被称为生存优势效应，并且已在许多研究中得到重复验证，它表明我们的记忆系统是由自然选择压力塑造而成的。在两项实验中，本研究使用视觉搜索任务来检验我们的视觉系统是否同样存在生存优势。参与者在一个有8个或16个物体的搜索阵列中找到某个物体的图片之前，根据其与生存的相关性或愉悦程度对单词进行评分。当集合大小为8时，两种评分场景下的搜索时间没有差异，但当集合大小为16时，基于生存的处理方式减少了视觉搜索时间。这些发现反映了一种搜索效率效应，并表明与我们的记忆系统类似，我们的视觉系统也朝着自我保护的方向进行了调整。
