Otgaar Henry, Jelicic Marko, Smeets Tom
a Maastricht University.
J Psychol. 2015 May-Aug;149(3-4):339-55. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2013.879848. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
The current study examined the role of item-specific, relational, and elaborative processing on adaptive memory. Younger and older adults received the standard survival processing, a survival-short, or a pleasantness processing instruction. The survival-short condition was specifically included to lead to fewer possibilities to engage in elaborative processing. Furthermore, half of the presented words were categorized words to boost relational processing. Younger adults demonstrated the typical survival recall advantage in that standard survival processing instructions resulted in superior free recall performance than that of the survival-short and the pleasantness processing groups. Among older adults, no mnemonic benefit of standard survival processing relative to the survival-short or pleasantness processing groups was found. Furthermore, reducing the probability of elaborative processing (i.e., through the survival-short processing instructions) abolished the survival recall advantage. Our results thus provide further evidence for the role of item-specific, relational, and elaborative processing in the survival processing advantage.
本研究考察了特定项目加工、关系加工和精细化加工在适应性记忆中的作用。年轻和年长的成年人分别接受标准生存加工、简短生存加工或愉悦性加工指导。特别设置简短生存加工条件是为了减少进行精细化加工的可能性。此外，所呈现单词的一半为分类词，以促进关系加工。年轻成年人表现出典型的生存回忆优势，即标准生存加工指导导致的自由回忆表现优于简短生存加工组和愉悦性加工组。在年长成年人中，未发现标准生存加工相对于简短生存加工组或愉悦性加工组有记忆优势。此外，降低精细化加工的可能性（即通过简短生存加工指导）消除了生存回忆优势。因此，我们的结果为特定项目加工、关系加工和精细化加工在生存加工优势中的作用提供了进一步的证据。
