Kiorpes Lynne, Daw Nigel
Center for Neural Science,New York University,New York,New York.
Yale University School of Medicine,New Haven,Connecticut.
Vis Neurosci. 2018 Jan;35:E016. doi: 10.1017/S0952523817000232.
There are many levels of disorder in amblyopic vision, from basic acuity and contrast sensitivity loss to abnormal binocular vision and global perception of motion and form. Amblyopia treatment via patching to restore acuity often leaves other aspects of vision deficient. The source for these additional deficits is unclear. Neural correlates of poor binocular function and acuity loss are found in V1 and V2. However, they are generally not sufficient to account for behaviorally measured vision loss. This review summarizes the known cortical correlates of visual deficits found in association with amblyopia, particularly those relevant to binocular vision and higher-order visual processing, in striate and extrastriate cortex. Recommendations for future research address open questions on the role of suppression and oculomotor abnormalities in amblyopic vision, and underexplored mechanisms such as top-down influences on information transmission in the amblyopic brain.
弱视存在多种程度的视觉紊乱，从基本视力和对比敏感度丧失到双眼视觉异常以及对运动和形状的整体感知。通过遮盖疗法来恢复视力的弱视治疗往往会使视觉的其他方面仍有缺陷。这些额外缺陷的根源尚不清楚。在V1和V2区域发现了双眼功能不佳和视力丧失的神经关联。然而，它们通常不足以解释行为测量的视力丧失。本综述总结了与弱视相关的已知视觉缺陷的皮质关联，特别是那些与双眼视觉和纹状及纹外皮质中高阶视觉处理相关的关联。对未来研究的建议涉及关于弱视视觉中抑制和眼球运动异常的作用以及诸如自上而下对弱视大脑中信息传递的影响等未充分探索的机制等悬而未决的问题。
