Center for Health, Nutrition and Food, National Institute of Public Health in Prague, Palackeho 3a, CZ - 61242, Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ - 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Aug;118:805-811. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.022. Epub 2018 Jun 24.
Twenty three strains of Penicillium expansum, as a predominant species, were isolated from 23 (92%) out of 25 grape samples of 17 different grape varieties. The results of the identification of P. expansum strains were confirmed by a PCR method. Most of the isolates of P. expansum (21/23, 91%), when tested for toxigenicity, were bi-toxigenic: they produced citrinin (CIT) and particularly high amounts of patulin (PAT). A validated UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of PAT and CIT was applied. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for PAT and CIT in grape must and toxigenicity testing samples were 100 and 2 ng/g, respectively. The results of PAT and CIT quantification in 23 grape must samples demonstrated the occurrence of PAT in 10 (43%) grape must samples (mean: 171 ng/g; median: 50 ng/g; and range: 143-644 ng/g) and the occurrence of CIT in two (9%) grape must samples (mean: 1 ng/g; median: 1 ng/g; and range: 2.5-3.5 ng/g). This is the first report on the natural occurrence of CIT in grape must. A validated HPLC-UV-VIS method for the determination of PAT in wine samples was applied, and concentrations in all 23 wine samples were below the LOQ (<10 ng/g).
从 17 个不同葡萄品种的 25 个葡萄样本中分离出了 23 株展青霉（Penicillium expansum），其中 23 株（92%）为优势种。通过 PCR 方法对展青霉菌株的鉴定结果进行了确认。在进行产毒力测试时，大多数展青霉（21/23，91%）菌株为双产毒菌株：它们产生桔青霉素（CIT）和特别高含量的棒曲霉素（PAT）。应用了一种经过验证的 UPLC-MS/MS 方法来测定 PAT 和 CIT。葡萄汁和产毒力测试样品中 PAT 和 CIT 的定量下限（LOQ）分别为 100 和 2 ng/g。在 23 个葡萄汁样本中 PAT 和 CIT 的定量结果表明，在 10 个（43%）葡萄汁样本中存在 PAT（平均值：171 ng/g；中位数：50 ng/g；范围：143-644 ng/g），在 2 个（9%）葡萄汁样本中存在 CIT（平均值：1 ng/g；中位数：1 ng/g；范围：2.5-3.5 ng/g）。这是葡萄汁中天然存在 CIT 的首次报道。应用了一种经过验证的 HPLC-UV-VIS 方法来测定葡萄酒样品中的 PAT，在所有 23 个葡萄酒样本中，浓度均低于 LOQ（<10 ng/g）。
