Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina.
Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Oct;161:437-443. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.006. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
The surface used for agricultural production in Argentina significantly increased in recent years, mainly due to the expansion of soybean crops. As a result, the use of agrochemicals increased too. Many natural populations of Caiman latirostris (broad-snouted caiman) are affected by habitat fragmentation and the constant exposure to pesticides. This exposure could produce Reactive Oxygen Species. The negative imbalance between ROS generation and the capacity of the biological systems to eliminate the reactive intermediaries or avoid the damage is called Oxidative Stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative damage and antioxidant defense in C. latirostris hatchlings after in ovo exposure to widely used pesticide formulations. Embryos were exposed by topical exposure on the eggshell, from the beginning of incubation period, to sub-lethal concentrations of two glyphosate formulations: PanzerGold® (PANZ) and Roundup® Full II (RU): 500, 750, 1000 μg/egg; to the endosulfan (END) formulation Galgofan® and the cypermethrin (CYP) formulation Atanor®: 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/ egg. Blood samples were taken to all animals immediately after hatching for the application and comparison of the following oxidative stress biomarkers between the exposed groups and their respective controls: lipoperoxidation through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), DNA base oxidation through the modified comet assay, and the activities of Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocytes. Our results showed lipoperoxidation in caiman exposed to END (10, 100, 1000 µg/egg), CYP (1, 10, 1000 µg/egg), RU (500, 1000 µg/egg) and PANZ (500, 1000 µg/egg), DNA base oxidation in those exposed to END (10, 100, 1000 µg/egg), CYP (1, 10 µg/egg) and PANZ (500, 750 µg/egg) as well as alteration in the activity of SOD in END 1 µg/egg and CYP (10, 1000 µg/egg). This study demonstrated the incidence of oxidative stress in animals exposed to pesticide formulations widely used in agricultural activity associated mainly with soybean crops, and add further information to that previously reported about pesticide effects in this native reptile species.
阿根廷用于农业生产的土地近年来大幅增加，主要是由于大豆作物的扩张。因此，农用化学品的使用量也有所增加。许多宽吻凯门鳄（宽吻鳄）的自然种群受到栖息地破碎化和不断接触农药的影响。这种接触可能会产生活性氧物质。ROS 生成与生物系统消除反应中间体或避免损伤的能力之间的负平衡称为氧化应激。本研究旨在评估广泛使用的农药配方对孵化后鳄鱼幼体的氧化损伤和抗氧化防御。胚胎从孵化期开始通过蛋壳表面接触暴露于亚致死浓度的两种草甘膦制剂： PanzerGold®（PANZ）和 Roundup® Full II（RU）：500、750、1000μg/卵；硫丹（END）制剂 Galgofan®和氯菊酯（CYP）制剂 Atanor®：1、10、100、1000μg/卵。孵化后，立即对所有动物进行采血，以在暴露组与其各自对照组之间应用和比较以下氧化应激生物标志物：通过硫代巴比妥酸反应物质（TBARS）测量的脂质过氧化，通过改良彗星试验测量的 DNA 碱基氧化，以及红细胞中 Catalase（CAT）和 Superoxide dismutase（SOD）的活性。我们的结果表明，暴露于 END（10、100、1000μg/卵）、CYP（1、10、1000μg/卵）、RU（500、1000μg/卵）和 PANZ（500、1000μg/卵）的凯门鳄发生脂质过氧化，暴露于 END（10、100、1000μg/卵）、CYP（1、10μg/卵）和 PANZ（500、750μg/卵）的 DNA 碱基氧化，以及 END 1μg/卵和 CYP（10、1000μg/卵）中 SOD 活性的改变。本研究表明，与大豆作物相关的农业活动中广泛使用的农药配方会导致动物产生氧化应激，并为该本地爬行动物物种以前报告的农药影响提供了更多信息。
