Ando Shuntaro, Nishida Atsushi, Usami Satoshi, Koike Shinsuke, Yamasaki Syudo, Kanata Sho, Fujikawa Shinya, Furukawa Toshiaki A, Fukuda Masato, Sawyer Susan M, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa Mariko, Kasai Kiyoto
Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
J Affect Disord. 2018 Oct 1;238:359-365. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.077. Epub 2018 Jun 7.
Seeking help from others is an essential behavioural intention for humans to adapt to the social environment. Transgenerational and gender-related mechanisms of how this intention is shaped is an important but unresolved question in adolescent development. This study aimed to comprehensively examine the factors promoting or inhibiting intention to seek help for depression in 10-year-olds, including transgenerational factors, and to investigate the sex differences in the effect of these factors.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a community of 4478 10-year-old children and their parents using self-report questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The dependent variable was intention of seeking help for depression, which was assessed using a depression case vignette. Independent variables were demographic, psychological, and transgenerational/social factors including depressive symptoms, psychotic-like symptoms, tendency to help classmates, and parents' help-seeking intention.
Girls were more likely to seek help than boys. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors promoting help-seeking intention included the recognition of a need for help, emotional openness, tendency to help classmates, parents' positive intention of seeking help for depression, and the number of people to consult. The inhibiting factors included depressive symptoms, psychotic-like symptoms, and gender norms regarding problem solving. Gender norms inhibited intention of seeking help for depression more strongly in boys than in girls.
Parents' and children's help-seeking intention were correlated to each other. Actions should be considered against gender norms presuming that boys should solve their own problems. Further, these actions should target adults as much as adolescents.
向他人寻求帮助是人类适应社会环境的一项重要行为意图。这种意图如何形成的代际和性别相关机制是青少年发展中一个重要但尚未解决的问题。本研究旨在全面考察促进或抑制10岁儿童抑郁求助意图的因素，包括代际因素，并调查这些因素影响中的性别差异。
采用自填问卷和面对面访谈，对一个由4478名10岁儿童及其父母组成的社区进行了横断面研究。因变量是抑郁求助意图，通过抑郁病例 vignette进行评估。自变量是人口统计学、心理学和代际/社会因素，包括抑郁症状、类精神病症状、帮助同学的倾向以及父母的求助意图。
女孩比男孩更有可能寻求帮助。多因素logistic回归分析表明，促进求助意图的因素包括对帮助需求的认知、情感开放性、帮助同学的倾向、父母对抑郁求助的积极意图以及咨询人数。抑制因素包括抑郁症状、类精神病症状以及关于解决问题的性别规范。性别规范对男孩抑郁求助意图的抑制作用比对女孩更强。
父母和孩子的求助意图相互关联。应考虑针对认为男孩应自己解决问题的性别规范采取行动。此外，这些行动应同时针对成年人和青少年。
