Kasai Kiyoto, Yagishita Sho, Tanaka Saori C, Koike Shinsuke, Murai Toshiya, Nishida Atsushi, Yamasaki Syudo, Ando Shuntaro, Kawakami Norito, Kanehara Akiko, Morita Kentaro, Kumakura Yousuke, Takahashi Yusuke, Sawai Yutaka, Uno Akito, Sakakibara Eisuke, Okada Naohiro, Okamoto Yasumasa, Nochi Masahiro, Kumagaya Shin-Ichiro, Fukuda Masato
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan.
The International Research Center for Neurointelligence at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan.
PCN Rep. 2022 Jun 8;1(2):e12. doi: 10.1002/pcn5.12. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Behavioral neuroscience has dealt with short-term decision making but has not defined either daily or longer-term life actions. The individual brain interacts with the society/world, but where that point of action is and how it interacts has never been an explicit scientific question. Here, we redefine value as an intrapersonal driver of medium- and long-term life actions. Value has the following three aspects. The first is value as a driving force of action, a factor that commits people to take default-mode or intrinsic actions daily and longer term. It consists of value memories based on past experiences, and a sense of values, the source of choosing actions under uncertain circumstances. It is also a multilayered structure of unconscious/automatic and conscious/self-controlled. The second is personalized value, which focuses not only on the value of human beings in general, but on the aspect that is individualized and personalized, which is the foundation of diversity in society. Third, the value is developed through the life course. It is necessary to clarify how values are personalized through the internalization of parent-child, peer, and social experiences through adolescence, a life stage almost neglected in neuroscience. This viewpoint describes the brain and the behavioral basis of adolescence in which the value and its personalization occur, and the importance of this personalized value as a point of interaction between the individual brain and the world. Then the significance of personalized values in psychiatry is discussed, and the concept of values-informed psychiatry is proposed.
行为神经科学已涉及短期决策，但尚未界定日常或更长期的生活行为。个体大脑与社会/世界相互作用，但其作用点在哪里以及如何相互作用，从未成为一个明确的科学问题。在此，我们将价值重新定义为中长期生活行为的一种个体内部驱动力。价值具有以下三个方面。首先，价值作为行动的驱动力，是一种使人们在日常及更长期内采取默认模式或内在行动的因素。它由基于过去经历的价值记忆以及价值感构成，价值感是在不确定情况下选择行动的源泉。它也是一种无意识/自动和有意识/自我控制的多层结构。其次是个性化价值，它不仅关注人类的一般价值，还关注个性化和个体化的方面，这是社会多样性的基础。第三，价值是在生命历程中发展起来的。有必要阐明价值观如何通过亲子、同伴和社会经历在青春期（神经科学中几乎被忽视的一个生命阶段）的内化而实现个性化。这一观点描述了价值及其个性化发生的青春期的大脑和行为基础，以及这种个性化价值作为个体大脑与世界之间相互作用点的重要性。接着讨论了个性化价值在精神病学中的意义，并提出了基于价值观的精神病学概念。
