Kumar Sanni, Gupta Ena, Kaushik Sanket, Jyoti Anupam
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018 Jun;17(3):208-220.
Neutrophils are the forerunner in innate immunity by defending the host organisms against infectious pathogens. During such process, neutrophils reach the site of inflammation/infection and eliminate the pathogens by phagocytosis as well as by forming the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs trap and eradicate a number of microbes including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses. NETs consist of DNA which is decorated with histones and granular proteins such as neutrophil elastase (NE), gelatinase, myeloperoxidase. NETosis (a process of NETs formation) is also involved in many inflammatory and autoimmune disorders with a major contribution to acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, cystic fibrosis, periodontitis. Hyper NETosis or ineffective clearance of NETs would likely increase the risk of auto-antibody generation against NETs components and contribution in auto-inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this review is intended to highlight the molecular mechanisms of NETosis and its antimicrobial effect. Furthermore, a current status of NETosis in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders has been reviewed for better understanding.
中性粒细胞是固有免疫的先驱，通过保护宿主生物体抵御感染性病原体发挥作用。在此过程中，中性粒细胞到达炎症/感染部位，通过吞噬作用以及形成中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）来清除病原体。NETs可捕获并根除多种微生物，包括细菌、真菌、原生动物、病毒。NETs由DNA组成，这些DNA上装饰有组蛋白和颗粒蛋白，如中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶（NE）、明胶酶、髓过氧化物酶。NETosis（NETs形成过程）也参与许多炎症和自身免疫性疾病，对急性呼吸窘迫综合征、败血症、囊性纤维化、牙周炎有重要影响。NETosis过度或NETs清除无效可能会增加针对NETs成分产生自身抗体的风险，并在自身炎症性疾病中发挥作用。本综述的目的是强调NETosis的分子机制及其抗菌作用。此外，还综述了NETosis在炎症和自身免疫性疾病发病机制中的现状，以增进理解。
