National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Adv Virus Res. 2018;101:85-128. doi: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.02.004. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
Viruses represent the most abundant and diverse of the biological entities in environmental waters, including the seas and probably also freshwater systems. They are important players in ecological networks in waters and influence global biochemical cycling and community composition dynamics. Among the many diverse viruses from terrestrial environments found in environmental waters, some are plant, animal, and/or human pathogens. The majority of pathogenic viral species found in waters are very stable and can survive outside host cells for long periods. The occurrence of such viruses in environmental waters has raised concerns because of the confirmation of the infectivity of waterborne viruses even at very low concentrations. This chapter focuses mainly on the survival of human, animal, and plant pathogenic viruses in aqueous environments, the possibility of their water-mediated transmission, the ecological implications of viruses in water, the methods adapted for detecting such viruses, and how to minimize the risk of viruses spreading through water.
病毒是环境水体（包括海洋和可能的淡水系统）中最丰富和最多样化的生物实体之一。它们是水体生态网络中的重要参与者，影响着全球生物地球化学循环和群落组成动态。在环境水中发现的许多来自陆地环境的不同病毒中，有些是植物、动物和/或人类病原体。在水中发现的大多数致病性病毒种类非常稳定，能够在离开宿主细胞的情况下长时间存活。由于即使在非常低的浓度下也能确认水传播病毒的传染性，因此这些病毒在环境水中的存在引起了人们的关注。本章主要关注人类、动物和植物致病性病毒在水环境中的存活、它们通过水传播的可能性、病毒在水中的生态意义、用于检测此类病毒的方法以及如何最大限度地降低病毒通过水传播的风险。
