Mehle Nataša, Bačnik Katarina, Bajde Irena, Brodarič Jakob, Fox Adrian, Gutiérrez-Aguirre Ion, Kitek Miha, Kutnjak Denis, Loh Yue Lin, Maksimović Carvalho Ferreira Olivera, Ravnikar Maja, Vogel Elise, Vos Christine, Vučurović Ana
Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
School for Viticulture and Enology, University of Nova Gorica, Vipava, Slovenia.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jun 2;14:1187920. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1187920. eCollection 2023.
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has recently emerged as a major disease of tomatoes and peppers. ToBRFV is a seed- and contact-transmitted virus. In Slovenia, ToBRFV RNA was detected in samples of wastewater, river, and water used to irrigate plants. Even though the source of detected RNA could not be clearly established, this raised the question of the significance of the detection of ToBRFV in water samples and experimental studies were performed to address this question. The data presented here confirm that the release of virus particles from the roots of infected plants is a source of infectious ToBRFV particles in water and that the virus can remain infective up to four weeks in water stored at room temperature, while its RNA can be detected for much longer. These data also indicate that irrigation with ToBRFV-contaminated water can lead to plant infection. In addition, it has been shown that ToBRFV circulated in drain water in commercial tomato greenhouses from other European countries and that an outbreak of ToBRFV can be detected by regular monitoring of drain water. A simple method for concentrating ToBRFV from water samples and a comparison of the sensitivity of different methods, including the determination of the highest ToBRFV dilution still capable of infecting test plants, were also investigated. The results of our studies fill the knowledge gaps in the epidemiology and diagnosis of ToBRFV, by studying the role of water-mediated transmission, and provide a reliable risk assessment to identify critical points for monitoring and control.
番茄褐色皱纹果病毒（ToBRFV）最近已成为番茄和辣椒的一种主要病害。ToBRFV是一种通过种子和接触传播的病毒。在斯洛文尼亚，在废水、河水以及用于灌溉植物的水中检测到了ToBRFV RNA。尽管无法明确检测到的RNA的来源，但这引发了关于在水样中检测到ToBRFV的意义的问题，并开展了实验研究来解决这一问题。此处呈现的数据证实，受感染植物根部释放病毒颗粒是水中传染性ToBRFV颗粒的一个来源，并且该病毒在室温下储存的水中可保持感染性长达四周，而其RNA的可检测时间则长得多。这些数据还表明，用受ToBRFV污染的水进行灌溉会导致植物感染。此外，研究表明ToBRFV在来自其他欧洲国家的商业番茄温室的排水中传播，并且通过定期监测排水可以检测到ToBRFV的爆发。还研究了一种从水样中浓缩ToBRFV的简单方法以及不同方法的灵敏度比较，包括确定仍能感染试验植物的ToBRFV最高稀释度。我们的研究结果通过研究水介导传播的作用填补了ToBRFV流行病学和诊断方面的知识空白，并提供了可靠的风险评估，以确定监测和控制的关键点。
